高铁肌红蛋白还原酶及其与肉色稳定性的研究进展

肉色不仅是鲜肉质量的一个重要指标,而且直接影响着消费者的购买行为。通过延迟肌红蛋白的自动氧化和加速高铁肌红蛋白的还原来维持新鲜肉色,对肉品工业极为重要。在体内,高铁肌红蛋白还原酶是高铁肌红蛋白还原反应的关键酶,在它的作用下,高铁肌红蛋白可以重新转变为有生理活性形式的肌红蛋白和氧合肌红蛋白。本文综述了肉色的形成原理,高铁肌红蛋白还原酶的部分性质以及它与肉色稳定性的关系。     

内蒙古荒漠草原优势牧草营养价值评价

通过测定内蒙古荒漠草原26种优势牧草的常规养分含量、纤维组成、两极离体消化率,分析了不同牧草对放牧内蒙古白绒山羊的营养价值,同时应用随意采食量、静能估测模型计算了荒漠草原优势牧草的分级指数（GI值）,对牧草进行了综合评价。结果表明：（1）用营养成分和消化率指标评定,紫花苜蓿和五星蒿的营养价值最高,其次为中间锦鸡儿、圆头藜,最次为驼绒藜;（2）紫花苜蓿、五星蒿、中间锦鸡儿、圆头藜、碱蓬、全叶马兰、蒺藜草、沙打旺、阿尔泰狗娃花9种牧草GI值较高,牛枝子、甘草、猪毛蒿、松叶猪毛菜、软毛虫实、小针茅居中,灰绿藜、冷蒿、中亚狼尾草、针茅、无芒隐子草、西藏锦鸡儿、驼绒藜、黑沙蒿、刺叶柄棘豆、芨芨草、差巴嘎蒿11种牧草的GI值较低。     

采食高氟水草对绵羊胫骨生物力学特性及肋软骨胶原蛋白的影响

乌梁素海面积约293 km2,水生植物总产量360万t/年,是典型的重度富营养化草型湖泊。如何开发利用乌梁素海水草资源不仅能解决当地饲料资源短缺问题,同时对该区生态系统的恢复与重建也有着重要的现实意义。开发水草饲料中遇到的一个问题就是水草氟含量超标,含量在143.2~184.2 mg/kg之间,已超过绵羊牧草安全量限量(30~40 mg/kg),长期食入过量氟会引起畜禽氟中毒。很多研究都证明了过量无机氟(NaF)的食入不但影响骨骼代谢,还会影响动物内分泌、神经系统、造血功能。氟经过水草富集虽然含氟量高,但经过植物体的稳衡作用后,对动物体的毒性下降[1]…     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

徐州地区鸭传染性浆膜炎的病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

从徐州地区临床疑似鸭传染性浆膜炎发病鸭中分离到细菌21株，通过细菌形态、培养特怔、生化试验和动物试验，鉴定为鸭疫里默氏杆菌菌株，对不同地区分离到的21株菌进行了24种常用抗菌药物的药敏试验，结果该24个菌株对头孢类药物、红霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、新霉素、氯霉素、泰乐菌素、痢特灵等几种药物敏感性较高，对喹诺酮类、强力霉素、丁安卡那霉素、林肯霉素、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平、复方新诺明等均不同程度地产生了耐药性。不同地区分离到的鸭疫里默氏杆菌对不同抗菌药的敏感程度存在较大差异性，研究结果为该地区鸭传染性浆膜炎的药物防治提供了很好的理论依据.     

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。     

牛γ-干扰素在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

应用RT-PCR技术从经植物血凝素(PHA)刺激诱导的奶牛脾脏淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增出牛-γ干扰素基因(bovine interferon-γ,BovIFN-γ)cDNA,并克隆到pGEM-T easy载体中,经过限制性酶切分析和测序证实,所克隆到的基因编码区序列与已报道的序列完全一致.将含信号肽的BoIFN-γ基因整个编码区cDNA亚克隆到杆状病毒转座载体pFastBac Ⅰ中,构建了转移载体pFastBac 1-BoIFN-γ,转座到宿主菌DH10 Bac中,在含庆大霉素、四环素、卡那霉素、IPTG和X-gal的KGTIX LB平板上筛选白色菌落,提取DNA获得重组穿梭载体Bacmid-BoIFN-γ质粒,与脂质体共转染Sf9细胞,产生有感染力的重组杆状病毒reBac-BoIFN-γ.重组病毒经过传代扩增感染Sf9细胞,通过IFA试验、Western-blot和抗病毒活性测定证实,BoIFN-γ基因在感染的昆虫细胞和上清中得到了表达,上清中活性可达2.651×105U/mL.表达条件优化结果表明,不同MOI对rBoIFN-γ的表达产量影响不大,上清中干扰素活性在感染后5 d达到高峰.     

旋光法测定硫酸新霉素含量

采用旋光法测定了硫酸新霉素含量.结果表明,在1 500～15 000 单位/mL的浓度范围内,旋光度与硫酸新霉素浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r＝0.999 8（n=6）.与微生物法相比,该方法具有简便、快速、易操作等优点.     

蕨类植物的综合利用价值

为更好地开发和利用我国的蕨类植物资源,从蕨类植物的食用、药用、园林绿化和观赏,生产上的指示作用、绿肥、饲料用途及工业用途等多方面作了初步阐述。