β-蒎烯合成诺蒎酸的反应条件研究

研究以松节油中的β-蒎烯为原料,通过KMnO4氧化合成诺蒎酸,并对氧化反应步骤中各因素对反应的影响进行了探讨。制备诺蒎酸的最佳条件为:β-蒎烯、KMnO4、NaOH的物质的量之比1∶2.5∶1,水为溶剂,温度25~30℃,反应时间4~5 h,得率达到35%。     

Complete Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Rehmannia Mosaic Virus Isolate from Shanxi Province

Using double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) technology and sequence-independent amplification(SIA), the molecular identification on infected Rehmannia glutinosa in the field with mosaic symptoms was performed and the whole-genome of the Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV) Shanxi isolate(ReMV-SX) was sequenced. Sequencing analysis showed that the virus that infected Rehmannia glutinosa was Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV). The full-length of the obtained ReMV-SX sequence(GenBank accession no. JX575184) was 6 395 nt, containing four open reading frames(ORFs). The sequence homology analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence showed that ReMV-SX was 93.8%-97.0% homologous to ReMV in Tobamovirus subgroup I, while only 49.8%-58.9% homologous to the isolates in subgroups II and III of the same genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ReMV-SX and ReMV-Henan formed a separate branch and had the closest genetic relationship. The results laid the foundation for ongoing researches in the taxonomic status and evolution of ReMV and for further investigating the pathogenic mechanism of ReMV infecting Rehmannia glutinosa.     

结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性试验及其对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的作用研究

[目的]研究结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性作用,对健康大鼠的利尿作用,以及对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的调节作用.[方法]取ICR小鼠40只,雌、雄各半,随机分为对照组与给药组,每组20只,观察结石通片给药前后小鼠的体重变化和死亡情况;另取SD大鼠36只,雌、雄各半,分为对照组、低剂量组(给予5％结石通片溶液)和高剂量组(给予10...     

慢性HCV感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8+和CD38+的检测及临床意义

目的通过测定慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 的表达,从而了解感染者机体细胞免疫状态。方法流式细胞术检测44例慢性HCV感染者及正常对照外周血ALT、外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 细胞的百分率。结果慢性HCV感染者外周血CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。慢性丙型肝炎各组之间比较,ALT异常组CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例高于ALT正常组(P<0.01)。结论慢性HCV感染患者CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例明显升高,表明慢性HCV感染者处于较高的细胞免疫状态,与肝功能损伤有一定的相关性,对指导临床的病情分析和诊断具有参考价值。     

SMAS平面下面颈皮瓣修复颊部皮肤缺损

目的报道SMAS平面下面颈皮瓣修复颊部皮肤软组织缺损的修复方法和疗效。方法于创面邻近部位设计前蒂或后蒂面颈皮瓣,于SMAS平面下掀起皮瓣后向内侧旋转推进覆盖颊区皮肤软组织缺损共20例。结果20例皮瓣均全部成活,其中1例术后腮腺瘘形成。术后随访2~13月,皮瓣外观满意,皮肤浅感觉良好,除1例术后半年内下睑外翻外余无面部器官移位及面神经损伤表现。结论SMAS下面颈皮瓣血供可靠,色泽、质地优良,与颊部匹配,是修复颊部皮肤软组织缺损的理想组织瓣。     

沙湖水体富营养化评价及防治对策

本文采用营养状态指数法对沙湖营养状况进行综合评价。评价结果表明,沙湖富营养化日趋严重,已经由2002年的轻度富营养发展到2005年的中度富营养,磷和有机污染物是沙湖富营养化限制因子。对富营养化成因进行分析,结果表明外源污染和内源释放是造成沙湖富营养化的主要原因,黄河补水和地表径流是主要的外污染源,最后根据分析结果提出沙湖富营养化的防治对策。     

人口发展与城市化水平预测——以乌兰察布市为例

科学预测人口城市化水平,对相关政策的制定、制度的改革、城市配套设施的建设以及解决就业问题都具有重要意义。本文以乌兰察布市为例,对地区总人口进行预测的基础之上,运用劳动力结构模型、劳动力地域转移模型等多种数学模型,预测了城镇人口城市化水平和非农业人口的城市化水平。最后,选取与城市化相关的七项指标,对城市化水平进行了综合预测。     

Coupling changes of soil functional gene abundances and extracellular enzyme activities across the diagnostic horizons of agricultural Isohumosols

Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes. Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile, the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances (FGAs) and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in soil profiles is still limited, which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes. Herein, we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A, B, and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols (Mollisols), Ustic and Udic Isohumosols, in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques, respectively. The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon. Additionally, the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles, and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon. Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles. However, when normalized by soil organic carbon, the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons, suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity. More importantly, we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols. Overall, our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs, EEAs, and microbial nutrient limitations, which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.     

基于APSIM模型的旱地春玉米施肥类型及氮肥用量研究

为探究玉米高产和减少硝态氮残留的合理施肥模式,通过山西寿阳旱地春玉米田间试验和APSIM模型模拟,研究不同施肥类型和施氮量对春玉米产量、硝态氮残留量和氮肥利用率的影响。田间试验设置3个施肥类型主处理,包括化肥单施、有机无机肥配施（配施比例1∶1）和有机肥单施;7个施肥梯度副处理,分别为0、50、100、150、200、250、300 kg·hm^-2,并利用2019—2021年试验站点数据对模型进行校准验证。结果表明：APSIM模型可以较好地模拟当地玉米产量和硝态氮残留量状况。各降水年型下,随氮肥施用量的增加,玉米产量先增加后减少,硝态氮残留量显著增加,氮肥利用率有所降低;相同施肥类型及施肥量下,丰水年的春玉米作物产量最高,硝态氮残留量最低,氮肥利用率最高;相同降水年型及施肥量下,有机无机肥配施方式的春玉米产量最高,硝态氮残留量居中,氮肥利用率最高。相较于化肥单施和有机肥单施方式,有机无机肥配施对于干旱地区玉米产量提升效果更好,其土壤硝态氮残留量对降水变化的敏感性相对较低,其氮肥利用率受降水影响也更小。综上,当施氮量介于148~168 kg·hm^-2时,有机无机肥配施方式下土壤硝态氮残留量维持在阈值内,春玉米产量可达到理论产量的95%左右,适宜在研究区域推广应用。     

黑河分水对中下游水环境的影响

黑河流域水资源紧缺,区域生态环境十分脆弱。分析表明分水对中游会产生一定的负效应:分水引起地表水与地下水转化减弱,同时对地下水的开采有增加的趁势,叠加作用的结果使得中游地区水环境恶化,地下水位下降1.3~2.7 m,地下水储量减少约8.2×108m3,给中游绿洲植物的生长带来潜在威胁;而对下游有一定的正效应,增加了下游的入境水量,下游的河岸地下水位抬升幅度在横向上0.4~0.6 m,纵向上0.3~3.1 m,有效地改善了下游的水环境,从而使下游的生态环境的恶化得到一定程度的遏制,植被覆盖明显增加。但对黑河中、下游水质变化监测还需要进一步加强。