用相互嫁接和定量PCR分析棉花对棉花黄萎病的抗性

为了研究棉花对棉花黄萎病的抗性机制, 本文选用对棉花黄萎病表现抗病的海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)材料海7124和Pima 90及感病的陆地棉(G. hirsutum)材料冀棉11, 通过相互嫁接的方法构建试验系统, 用棉花黄萎菌对其人工接种, 利用Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)技术分析其在感病和抗病棉花中侵染的差别。相互嫁接试验中感/抗和抗/感组合的病情指数介于感/感和抗/抗对照之间, 且相互嫁接棉株各个部位的IC值(侵染系数)也多介于其对照相应部位之间; 并且病情指数与不同部位IC值显著相关, 说明棉花黄萎菌可以通过接口在抗-感之间扩展。感/抗嫁接组合试验说明抗病材料的茎基部在抑制病原菌扩展中起重要的作用, 而抗/感类型试验说明抗病材料接口以上部分也具有抑制病原菌增殖的作用。总之, 抗病海岛棉无论作为砧木还是接穗, 都能有效抑制病原菌的扩展, 说明抗病海岛棉对棉花黄萎菌具全株抗性, 但茎基部在抑制病原菌扩展中起重要的作用; 同样, 感/抗和抗/感组合试验也说明感病材料的各个部位均不能抑制病原菌的定殖和扩展。     

93个美国引进玉米自交种营养特性分析

采用近红外光谱分析法研究美国玉米自交种的营养特性,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对结果进行评价.结果表明:美国玉米93个自交种粗蛋白含量在85.%~144.%之间,淀粉在638.%~720.%之间,油分在28.%~50.%之间.各营养指标间有极显著差异,且变异程度以油分最大,淀粉最小.相关分析表明,粗蛋白与油分呈极显著正相关、粗蛋白和油分均与淀粉呈极显著负相关.聚类分析表明,93个玉米自交种可分为四大类,品种P 737 M 20单独为一类,表现为高油分、低淀粉和中等粗蛋白的特点,其余三类均表现为高淀粉、低油分,而粗蛋白则有高有低的特点.     

山桃种子脂肪酸含量及成分分析

以山桃种子为材料,以桃杏种子为对照,采用索氏提取法提取油脂,气质联用色谱法分析其成分,对比了3种植物种子含油量及成分.结果发现,3种植物种子油脂中均含有较多的棕榈酸和油酸,其中,山桃种子中棕榈酸含量(33.611％)显著高于杏(23.991％)和桃(14.517％),山桃种子中油酸含量(51.87％)高于杏(38.964％)而略低于桃(59.232％).棕榈酸和油酸均为制备生物柴油的优质原料,研究结果为山桃作为能源植物开发利用提供依据.     

氮磷钾在冬小麦上的产量效应与养分平衡

通过田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾在冬小麦上的产量效应、土壤供氮、磷、钾能力以及土壤氮、磷、钾收支平衡状况。结果表明,与不施肥处理比较,施肥明显促进冬小麦各生育期的生长发育,最终形成对产量的影响。与-N(不施氮),-P(不施磷)处理比较,NPK处理(施氮、磷肥)分别增产10.7%,5.4%,差异达到显著水平。土壤供氮、磷、钾的能力分别为89.3%,84.6%,96.6%。1/2N、1/2P、1/2K处理的产量分别相当于NPK处理的96.2%,98.1%,97.4%,各处理间产量无显著变化。NPK处理的氮磷钾籽粒表观利用率分别为16.4%,10.9%,7.4%,氮磷钾回收率(表观利用率)分别为24.6%,17.1%,41.0%;氮磷钾用量减半,籽粒利用率分别为25.1%,15.2%,6.3%,氮磷钾回收率分别为31.6%,26.0%,49.1%,各处理产量高低顺序为:NPK>1/2P,1/2K>-K,1/2N>-N,-P>对照。冬小麦高产的土壤养分限制因子N,P>K。依据氮磷钾肥产量效应和土壤氮、磷、钾平衡状况提出氮磷钾(N,P2O5,K2O)推荐用量分别为202.5～216,27～54,0～18 kg/hm2。     

水稻稻瘟病抗病基因的结构功能和共同进化

稻瘟病是由真菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 所致,是世界上最严重的水稻病害之一。抗病基因能够识别病原无毒蛋白而导致抗病反应。抗病基因以单基因或基因簇的形式存在,它是通过基因复制或基因多样性而产生的。近几年来,由于抗病基因的不断克隆和功能分析,使人们更好地理解和认识抗病机理。本文总结了目前抗病基因的克隆和功能分析进展,并对抗病基因的进化,抗病蛋白和病原无毒因子之间的相互作用、相互影响和进化以及无毒因子的结构进行了剖析,同时指出这些理论对植保的潜在含义。     

动物饲料中有害微生物的快速检测方法

饲料中有害微生物病原体的污染影响着饲料全球化自由贸易的发展和动物食品的安全,并成为关注的焦点。主要介绍了饲料中有害微生物的危害及其快速检测方法,为了更好地控制饲料生产和销售全过程的安全,从饲料生产的源头控制有害微生物对动物的危害,进而减少有害微生物通过动物进入人的食物链。     

Analysis on Sustained Release of Protein from Microcapsule Prepared by Alginate

The paper studies a drug deliversy system for protein and find the optimum preparation condition.Cross-linked alginate(Alg) microcapsule was used to prepare microcapsule for protein,using bovine serum album(BSA) as a model drug.Effect of different cations and content of protein on configuration,size and enveloped rate of microcapsule were investigated.It is shown that Ba-Alg microcapsule has steady configuration,homogeneous size and high-enveloped rate.Also electrophoresis of native BSA before microencapsulation and after microencapsulation is measured by(SDS-PAGE),it is found that no significant change is observed BSA integrity.Release of BSA from microcapsule in vitro presents sustained release in some extent,and initial burst effect is significantly obvious.Microenpsulation drug in alginate will be a wishful drug delivery system.     

Expert System for Artificial Intelligence Blast Furnace Smelting Process

In order to upgrade traditional industry and realize the automation of furnace condition judgement and standardization of operation, an expert system for various furnace conditions and breakdown judgement and operation guidance on blast furnace are developed based on the theory of artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering. The system is fulfilled through C++Builder and combined with the actual production picture. The system has efficient and convenient man-machine interface by using menu operation method. The testing and operation of actual production data in simulation system indicate that the system is exact and reliable and can provide both the warning of various furnace breakdown and corresponding operation guidance.     

Research on Measurement and Report of Environmental Accounting

In this paper, the problems of bringing natural resources and environmental condition into accounting are discussed and lay emphasis on object measurement, imaging and disclosure in accounting report of environmental accounting. The author suggests that the environmental accounting is the necessary production of global economy for sustainable development in modern society; it is also a new ecological accounting subject formed by the result of environmental economies and accounting penetrating into each other. As a contribution of accounting circles to sustainable development, environmental accounting has become a hot topic in recent years.     

谷子苗期耐低磷种质筛选及其根系保护酶系统对低磷胁迫的响应

本研究旨在探讨不同基因型谷子苗期耐低磷特性,建立其筛选的评价体系,筛选出苗期耐低磷谷子种质材料。对160份核心谷子种质资源的苗期株高、根长、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、地上磷含量、地下磷含量、地上干重和地下干重11个指标的耐低磷系数进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价不同谷子耐低磷相关指标和耐低磷特性;针对筛选出的低磷敏感和耐低磷品种,在生理水平上分析其根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明, 9份材料属于低磷敏感品种, 66份材料属于低磷较敏感品种, 70份材料属于较耐低磷品种, 15份材料属于耐低磷品种;低磷胁迫促使谷子根系SOD、POD、CAT活性增加。总之,以综合指标对谷子耐低磷特性的鉴定更为客观;根系保护酶系统对谷子在低磷胁迫下的适应性具有重要作用。