武夷肉桂茶品质差异分析及其与矿质元素间的关系

为探明不同等级武夷肉桂茶品质差异,分析造成茶叶品质差异的原因,以649个不同等级武夷肉桂茶为研究对象,分别进行感官审评及主要滋味物质和矿质元素测定。结果表明:获奖肉桂茶滋味物质含量比未入围肉桂茶丰富。不同等级武夷肉桂茶除K、Mg、Mn、Co外,大多数矿质元素含量之间没有显著差异。限制性主坐标轴分析表明,品质指标对武夷肉桂茶等级间差异的总差异解释达到43.391%,矿质元素解释度仅有26.996%。热图分析表明,武夷肉桂茶RA(特等奖)和RB(一等奖)在总黄酮、可溶性糖、茶多酚、咖啡因、EGCG、EGC、GC、GCG等指标显著积累,其酚氨比更高,RC(优质奖)和RD(未入围)在Mn和Mg有显著积累。相关性分析表明,武夷肉桂茶等级与茶多酚、EGCG、酚氨比、咖啡碱、ECG、EGC呈显著正相关,与Mn含量呈显著负相关。研究结果可为客观判别武夷肉桂茶的品质差异提供一定的理论依据。     

低分子量有机酸对促进可变电荷土壤中铝溶解的影响

Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.     

宁夏引黄灌区农田土壤酶活性及其空间变异

采集了同一地点不同土地利用方式,及不同地点不同典型土地利用类型下银川平原的灌淤土样品,在分析了土壤基本理化性质的基础上,用奈氏比色法、苯磷酸二钠比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,分别测定了宁夏引黄灌区农田不同利用方式下土壤的磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的活性状况,并对土壤酶活性与土壤的基本理化性质的相关性进行了相关分析。结果表明,土地利用方式对三种酶活性有很大的影响。12年果园磷酸酶活性最高,常年旱田脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高,而盐化旱田及常年淹水的稻田,三种酶活性都很低。脲酶活性与土壤全氮之间显著正相关,全磷与三种酶活性都极显著相关,三种酶之间达到显著或极显著正相关关系。表明磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的大小可以敏感地表征宁夏引黄灌区土壤肥力和生产力的高低。     

Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.     

水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标分析与建议

分析了目前与大、中拖配套的水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标及采标情况,并通过对2005～2007年集中进行的20个企业30个不同型号、结构还田机产品作业性能指标测试数据的分析,提出了水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标制定建议：耕深≥12cm、耕深稳定性≥85%、耕后地表平整度≤3cm、地表植被分布地表无明显的秸秆堆积现象,取消起浆溶度指标。     

城市河道整治与生态城市建设

在分析城市河道污染、淤积及治理现状的基础上,探讨城市河道整治在截污纳污、水资源调度、生态性堤岸建设、复式亲水生态与防洪河道断面及滨水景观建设等方面的思想、目标及发展方向,并从国内外生态城市研究进展方面,论证城市河道在生态城市建设中的地位,指出城市河道整治应从水土保持、环境保护与可持续发展等方面出发,对现有城市河道进行综合治理,从而保持城市资源与环境的可持续发展。     

感应电机矢量控制解耦算法的研究

矢量控制是通过坐标变换将感应电机模型转化为类似于直流电机的模型,使定子电流在同步旋转坐标系中的两个相互垂直分量分别独立控制转矩和转子磁链,从而获得类似于直流电机的调速性能。为此,对感应电机的数学模型进行了分析,通过矢量变换得到了在d、q坐标系下的闭环系统方程,对电机进行了解耦控制。在由TMS320F2812搭建的数字化实验平台上进行了实验,实验结果证明了研究方案的可行性。     

富含γ-氨基丁酸的青花菜芽菜酸奶的研制

以葡萄糖溶液培养的青花菜芽菜为主要原料,加入一定量的纯牛奶和白砂糖,通过乳酸菌发酵研制一种富含γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）的酸奶。以酸奶的感官品质为主要评价指标,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化酸奶的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,青花菜芽菜酸奶最佳制作工艺条件为：白砂糖添加量7.1%,青花菜芽菜添加量2.1%（采用120 mmol·L-1葡萄糖溶液培养青花菜芽菜）,菌种接种量0.3%,发酵时间6.2 h,该条件下制作的酸奶感官评价最优,GABA含量达到0.789 g·L-1,理化指标和微生物指标均符合发酵乳国家标准。该产品的研制为后续富含γ-氨基丁酸的乳制品的开发提供了理论依据。