打捆秸秆干湿联合发酵工艺技术研究

为充分利用厌氧干发酵工艺批次处理能力强并有效克服其物料发酵不彻底导致的产气效率低的难题,引入干湿联合厌氧发酵工艺。以水稻秸秆和新鲜猪粪为发酵原料,在35℃及发酵底物初始TS浓度为20%条件下进行厌氧干发酵,其中一组处理在实验第20 d时用纯净水将发酵底物TS浓度调节为9%改为湿发酵,两者对比结果表明:相比于干发酵,该干湿联合厌氧发酵工艺可有效提高稻秸纤维素和半纤维素的降解率,其中纤维素降解率可由20.5%提高到31.1%,半纤维素降解率可由48%提高到54.8%,虽对产气中甲烷含量影响不大,但试验周期内物料累积产气量可提高19%以上。     

A New PCR/LDR-Based Multiplex Functional Molecular Marker for Marker-Assisted Breeding in Rice

Marker-assisted selection or marker-aided selection(MAS)provides an effective complementary approach for conventional rice breeding with precise and speedy mobilization of target genes into elite genetic backgrounds.The targeted genes,however,may not be selected in the course of MAS due to the occasional recombination between the marker and the target gene/QTL during the many cycles of meiosis involved in breeding programs.This leads to failure in the selection of target traits(Gopalakrishnan et al,2008).     

Effect of Dietary N‐acyl Homoserin Lactonase on the Immune Response and the Gut Microbiota of Zebrafish,Danio rerio,Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Quorum sensing interference is a novel strategy in bacterial disease control. Degradation of quorum sensing signal molecules, such as N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), by enzymes is a potential interfering method. In this study, the in vivo effect of an N‐acyl homoserine lactonase from Bacillus sp. B546, AiiA_B546, on the protection of zebrafish, Danio rerio, against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was first investigated by co‐feeding. The short‐term immune responses and the long‐term effects on the gut microbiota of zebrafish were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of some anti‐infectious immunity‐related factors, including interleukin 10 (IL‐10), toll‐like receptor 5b (TLR5b), and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2a (iNOS2a) that were related to A. hydrophila virulent factors under regulation of quorum sensing, were more susceptible to the addition of AiiA_B546. It indicated that AiiA_B546 may attenuate the infection of A. hydrophila by interfering with quorum sensing. A. hydrophila was not detected in the enzyme co‐feeding diet group, which might be due to its inability to adhere to the gut with enzyme interference. This study revealed that AiiA_B546 as a feed additive might represent a novel biocontrol agent in aquaculture; however, the topic merits further investigations using fish species of commercial interest.     

转基因抗虫三系杂交棉——运B259

运B259属转基因抗虫三系杂交棉品种，本文介绍了运B259的选育过程、特征特性、主要栽培技术及生产应用注意事项。     

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Meltability of Mozzarella Cheese

Meltability is one of the most important properties of Mozzarella cheese, as it is generally used in pizza and other foods. Mozzarella was prepared by no salted and immature production technology, and the effect of different addition amounts of salt on the meltability of mozzarella cheese was measured by Schreiber method and small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis（SAOSA） method. The results showed that different adding amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the meltability of Mozzarella cheese, and 2% NaCl addition was the best condition. The results measured by the methods of Schreiber and SAOSA were basically same： adding different amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the hardness and elasticity of mozzarella cheese, but no significant influence on the sticky. It was a good microscopic structure arrangement of Mozzarella cheese with 2% NaCl addition. Scanning electron micrographs showed that a space grid structure formed by casein had changed, and formed many uniform molecular holes. The results indicated that different addition amounts of salt had influence on meltability of no salted immature Mozzarella cheese, and this technology could be drastically shorten the processing time.     

毛细管气相色谱法测试瘤胃液VFA可行性的研究

以羊瘤胃液为样品,选择极性FFAP毛细管柱,利用气相色谱外标法测定瘤胃液中VFA的含量。结果表明,程序升温初始柱温110℃,升温速率为10℃/min至150℃保持5min,可以有效的分离乙酸、丙酸和正丁酸,重复性好,平行样间偏差低于3%,测试快速准确,是测定反刍动物瘤胃VFA较为理想的方法。     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季生长肥育猪血清生化指标的影响

将48头体重43kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪随机分成两组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、10mg/kgGABA的日粮。结果表明:添加GABA使血清中钙、磷、钾、氯4种无机离子浓度提高,差异不显著(P>0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮水平有提高趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平提高13.29%,差异显著(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性上升,差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性分别下降16.93%(P<0.05)、38.22%(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升,其中GSH-Px差异极显著(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P>0.05)。     

Animal trait ontology: The importance and usefulness of a unified trait vocabulary for animal species

Ontologies help to identify and formally define the entities and relationships in specific domains of interest. Bio-ontologies, in particular, play a central role in the annotation, integration, analysis, and interpretation of biological data. Missing from the number of bio-ontologies is one that includes phenotypic trait information found in livestock species. As a result, the Animal Trait Ontology (ATO) project being carried out under the auspices of the USDA-National Animal Genome Research Program is aimed at the development of a standardized trait ontology for farm animals and software tools to assist the research community in collaborative creation, editing, maintenance, and use of such an ontology. The ATO is currently inclusive of cattle, pig, and chicken species, and will include other livestock species in the future. The ATO will eventually be linked to other species (e.g., human, rat, mouse) so that comparative analysis can be efficiently performed between species.     

Diagnosis of bacterial infections. Part 1: Principles of sample collection and transportation

Bacterial infections are common in equine practice, therefore it is important that diseases caused by these organisms are diagnosed accurately. Collection of appropriate samples in a correct and timely manner is fundamental to determining the causative agent. Furthermore, transportation of samples to the laboratory must ensure that the agents survive and can be identified. This paper outlines a recommended diagnostic approach when bacteria are suspected, the samples that may be obtained in order to confirm their presence, and the transportation requirements to facilitate their isolation in diagnostic laboratories.