紫茎泽兰叶片气体交换的气孔调节特性:对其入侵能力的意义

紫茎泽兰是一个典型的外来入侵植物.利用便携式光合测定系统,对分布于四川省凉山州德昌市郊(27°28′36"N,102°12′28″E)的紫茎泽兰的气体交换特性进行测定,并与本地8个伴生种和其他12个分布于我国不同地区和日本的入侵种和本地种进行比较.目的是探讨气孔调节在日变化过程和长期干旱与湿润生境上的差异及其对紫茎泽兰入侵能力的影响.研究发现紫茎泽兰光合午休现象明显,气孔调节和非气孔调节共同控制了紫茎泽兰的光合日进程模式,而以气孔调节最为重要.非气孔调节主要是通过羧化效率的降低,从而影响表观量子效率或其他光合过程来实现的,而气孔调节主要是通过降低胞间CO2浓度,提高气孔限制值来实现的,这与其他种的差异不大.经过长期的野外不同湿度环境适应后,气孔调节出现了一定的弹性变化.在气孔导度相差不大的情况下,土壤有机质、土壤pH值和土壤有效氮含量差异不明显,湿生生境的光合速率和蒸腾速率显著高于干生生境,并导致了叶片含氮量显著提高.气孔在调节紫茎泽兰水分利用效率方面有别于所测定的其他20种植物,在湿生生境下随气孔导度下降,水分利用效率下降,而在干生生境下则显著升高.因此,紫茎泽兰同时兼有"省水"植物和"费水"植物的双重特点,这一灵活水分利用特点保证了它在不利环境中的生存和有利环境中的扩展,对于其在侵入区的生长发育有一定的意义.     

滨白鸡纯系及杂交组合的种群关系分析

本文采用中国科学院遗传研究所研制的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个系统１２个血型因子，分析滨白鸡七个纯系和五个杂交组合的种群关系。结果表明，１２个群体可分为五个类。第一类包括５个纯系（ＮＯ２、ＮＯ７、ＮＯ６、ＮＯ３、ＮＯ８）和２个杂交组合（５×２、７×８）．第二类包括５×６组合和ＮＯ５系。第三类是４×２组合。第四类是５×４组合。第五类是ＮＯ４系。不同类品系间遗传差异大，同一类品系间则小。实际配合力测定得到的４×２、５×４２、６×４２优秀杂交组合均有一定的理论基础。     

Porcine intestinal epithelial responses to Campylobacter infection

Campylobacter infection is estimated to cause diarrhoea in 1% of the population of developed countries every year, but our understanding of this disease has been hampered by a lack of a suitable animal model. Colostrum-deprived piglets have been suggested as models since they produce similar clinical signs to humans when infected but little information currently exists regarding the response of this species to Campylobacter at cellular and molecular level. This study shows that intestinal epithelial cells from both species respond in a similar manner to Campylobacter infection regarding invasion, induction of innate immune response and effect on barrier function.     

蒙古绵羊β-防御素-1cDNA的扩增及其序列分析

为了获得蒙古绵羊β-防御素-1（sBD-1）的cDNA序列,从蒙古绵羊瘤胃的上皮组织中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出sBD-1的cDNA。结果 sBD-1的cDNA长为300bp,该cDNA包含由192bp组成的开放读码框（ORF）,ORF编码64个氨基酸的前原防御素。经过DNA序列分析。证实所扩增的cDNA为sBD-1。     

猪繁殖障碍性主要传染病的血清流行病学研究

对采自云南省楚雄州10县市22个规模猪场及107户农户的803份猪血清、642份临床无异常的种猪抗凝全血、84头繁殖障碍母猪血清及4头乳猪脏器,应用胶乳凝集试验(LAT)、猪伪狂犬病gE抗体鉴别酶联免疫吸咐试验(ELISA)、多方法酶联免疫吸咐试验、虎红平板凝集试验及试管凝集试验、间接血凝试验(HIA)、细菌学检验、流行病学调查等方法,对PR、PPV、PRRS、PCV-2、CSF、JE、布病、衣原体病共8种病同步进行血清学(猪瘟病原学)调查,结果感染率分别为30.39%、21.05%、3.11%、59.40%、1.71%、24.53%、0.25%和10.71%。流行病学调查结果,繁殖障碍发病场占调查场的68.18%,各场母猪繁殖障碍发病率在75.00%-0之间,农户散养母猪在20.00%-0之间。     

水合硅铝酸钠钙(脱霉素)对肉仔鸡Zn、Mn、VA、VB_2利用的影响

本研究通过3个试验评估水合硅铝酸钠钙(HSCAS,一种层状硅铝酸盐)对肉仔鸡Zn、Mn、VA和VB2利用的影响。试验1中,玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加0.5%或1.0%HSCAS对总胫骨Mn含量和肝脏VA浓度均没有影响(P0.05),总胫骨Zn含量有轻微的下降,但是与添加HSCAS的水平是呈线性关系的(P0.05);在试验2(0.5%HSCAS)和试验3(1.0%HSCAS)中,向不含VB2的纯氨基酸日粮中添加梯度浓度的VB2(0、0.6和1.2mg/kg日粮),VB2的利用率并没有受到0.5%或1.0%HSCAS的影响。本研究结果表明,日粮中添加0.5%或1.0%HSCAS不会削弱肉仔鸡Mn、VA或VB2的利用,但是Zn的利用率会有轻微的下降。     

Detection of chromogranin A in the adrenal gland extracts of different animal species by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen-specific Amaranthus caudatus lectin

The reactivity of different lectins with crude chromogranin A (CgA) obtained from different animals, namely, cow, horse, dog, pig, and dolphin, was examined to identify lectin(s) that would be useful as coating reagent(s) in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the different lectins studied, the Amaranthus caudatus lectin (ACA), which is specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc), was found to react with the CgA from different animals by western blotting. Purified rabbit anti-bovine CgA antibody was also found to cross-react with the crude CgA preparations. On the basis of these findings, a sandwich ELISA was developed with ACA as the coating reagent and anti-bovine CgA antibody as the probing antibody. Using this method, concentration-dependent curves ranging from 0.003 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL and from 0.02 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL were obtained for bovine CgA and canine CgA, respectively. Similarly, concentration-dependent curves were obtained for the equine, swine, and dolphin crude CgA extracts. Thus, ACA is concluded to be a valuable reagent for CgA detection in crude extracts from different animal species, and for CgA isolation/purification.     

硫色曲霉厚层通风固态炭酵技术生产饲料酶

以硫色曲霉为饲料酶生产菌,以托盘式固态发酵为对照,系统分析了料曲厚度、通风量、通气压头对厚层发酵成绩的影响.通过优化操作,获得的厚层发酵酶活比最优的托盘式成绩低20%左右,但是劳动力成本可以减少40%左右.虽然通风电耗需要增加444 kW·h/t,但是整个生产成本有明显下降.而且,随着劳动生产成本的进一步提高,这种生产工艺的优势还将更显著.     

Pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in gilts

Altrenogest, a synthetic progestogen, is characterized by its estrus synchronization in mares, ewes, sows, and gilts. To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and evaluate its accumulation in gilts, 18 oral doses of 20 mg altrenogest/gilt/day were given to eight healthy gilts at an interval of 24 hr. Plasma samples were collected, and altrenogest was determined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. WinNonlin 6.4 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters through noncompartmental model analysis. After the first administration (D 1), the pharmacokinetic parameters, including T_max, C_max, and the elimination half‐life (T_1/2λz), were similar to those observed after the final administration (D 18). However, the mean residence time at D 1 was significantly lower than D 18. As a whole, the mean steady‐state plasma concentration (C_ss), degree fluctuation (DF), accumulation factor (R_ac), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve in steady state (AUC_ss) were 22.69 ± 6.15 ng/ml, 270.64 ± 42.51%, 1.53 ± 0.23, and 544.63 ± 147.49 ng hr/ml, respectively. These results showed that after 18 consecutive days of oral administration of altrenogest, plasma concentrations of altrenogest had a certain degree of fluctuation, without significant accumulations.