Antiviral Cyclopropane Acids from Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sydowii

Four novel monocyclic cyclopropane acids, namely, sydocyclopropanes A–D (1–4), along with one known congener hamavellone B (5), were isolated from the Aspergillus sydowii MCCC 3A00324 fungus, which was isolated from the deep-sea sediment. The gross structures of novel compounds were established by detailed analyses of the spectroscopic data (HRESIMS and NMR spectra), and their absolute configurations were resolved on the basis of the quantum chemical calculations of ECD and NMR data, in association with DP4+ probability analyses. Sydocyclopropanes A–D, featuring the 1,1,2,3-tetrasubstituted cyclopropane nucleus with different lengthy alkyl side chains, were discovered in nature for the first time. All compounds exhibited antiviral activities against A/WSN/33 (H1N1), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 26.7 to 77.2 μM, of which compound 1 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ = 26.7 μM).     

低温逆境下喷施氯化钙与热激对不知火杂柑果实生理生化的影响

果实钙含量与低温伤害有着密切的关系,主要机制在于钙能防止果实的细胞膜损伤和渗漏,稳定膜结构和维持膜的完整性。胞外Ca^2＋功能通过保护质膜的稳定性,使质膜具有较好的离子选择通透性,还可能对一些胞外酶或膜蛋白起调节作用。近年的研究表明,热激（非致死温度的热锻炼）处理能提高多种植物抗低温逆境的能力,还能引起胞内Ca^2＋浓度迅速（1分钟之内）升高,因此可以认为,Ca^2＋可能是启动热激反应的胞内关键因子。不知火杂柑品质优良,已有多篇文章对其进行研究。     

Effects of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on function of endothelial cells

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS hUCMSCs and HUVECs were isolated, cultured and identified. Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The morphological change of exosomes was observed under transmission electron microscope. The particle size and concentration of exosomes were detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the surface specific marker proteins of exosomes were determined by Western blot. hUCMSCs were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. The viability of hUCMSCs was measured by CCK-8 assay. HUVECs were divided into control group, normoxic exosome group and hypoxic exosome group. The proliferation of HUVECs was detected by EdU assay. The migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay and Transwell experiment. Tube formation ability was evaluated by tube formation experiment. RESULTS Compared with normoxia group, hypoxia pretreatment enhanced the viability and exosome release of hUCMSCs. Compared with normoxic exosome group, hypoxic exosomes enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs under hypoxia enhances the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs.     

日光温室番茄对锌的吸收与分配规律

以中杂9号番茄为试材,研究了秋冬、冬春两个茬口日光温室内不同光温环境下番茄对锌的吸收和分配规律。结果表明:秋冬茬番茄对锌的吸收量仅为冬春茬的76．98％。不同茬口不同生育阶段植株吸收锌的量不同,秋冬茬和冬春茬番茄对全锌的吸收量均呈单峰曲线,生育前期吸收量所占的比例小,果实膨大期和采收初期吸收量所占比例大,冬春茬为63．07％,秋冬茬约为68。36％。     

不同寄主来源的葡萄霜霉病菌致病力测定及孢子囊大小比较

对采自我国不同地区、不同主栽葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘巨峰’及‘赤霞珠’上的12份葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小进行了比较和分析,结果表明:采自不同葡萄品种的病原菌对感病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚无核’叶片的致病力具有明显差异,其中‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的病原菌致病性较强,明显大于‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌致病力;采自不同葡萄品种的霜霉病菌孢子囊大小存在一定的差异,‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌孢子囊明显大于‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的霜霉病菌孢子囊。上述结果表明,采自不同寄主的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小均存在一定程度的分化。     

保幼激素类似物对红火蚁的作用研究进展

我国发现红火蚁已有4年,但防治技术、产品依然匮乏。为了改善、提高我国红火蚁的防治技术水平,本文就保幼激素类似物(JHA)对红火蚁的作用表现和防治效果进行了总结分析。JHA可以造成蚁后卵巢萎缩、产卵量减少,导致发育畸形和蚁群等级比例失调,如工蚁数量减少、生殖型幼虫比例以及处女蚁后数量增加等,并最终导致整个蚁群死亡。JHA杀虫剂活性高、低残毒、对环境污染小,在田间防治红火蚁效果彻底,并可有效地防止防治区红火蚁种群的再入侵（re invasion）,但JHA毒饵也存在着防治效果缓慢等问题。本文就克服此类问题作了初步的探讨。     

氟吡菌酰胺不同施药方式对水稻拟禾本科根结线虫的防治效果

为评价41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂防治水稻拟禾本科根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola的应用潜力,将氟吡菌酰胺与吡虫啉种衣剂混合后采用种子包衣法及喷洒法研究其对水稻拟禾本科根结线虫的田间防效,并测定了不同施药方法对水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明,氟吡菌酰胺4.2、8.3、12.5 g（a.i.）/kg种子与吡虫啉18.0 g（a.i.）/kg种子混合包衣处理,播种后35 d其根结抑制率和防效分别为41.0%~51.8%和47.4%~58.6%,土壤中2龄幼虫减退率为38.6%~40.4%,显著高于单施吡虫啉18.0 g（a.i.）/kg种子处理。水稻播种后连续3次以氟吡菌酰胺250.2、375.3、500.4 g（a.i.）/hm²进行土壤喷洒,最后1次施药后7 d,其根结抑制率和防效分别为81.0%~89.9%和65.9%~74.3%,土壤中2龄幼虫减退率为65.4%~73.4%,均显著高于对照药剂克百威1 800.0 g（a.i.）/hm²处理。氟吡菌酰胺各处理对水稻苗期生长均有较好的保护作用,能显著提高千粒重和有效穗数,产量比空白对照增加50.0%~61.2%,保产效果显著。水稻播种后35 d采用氟吡菌酰胺对稻田进行1次喷洒,对水稻具有一定的保护作用,保产效果不明显。表明采用氟吡菌酰胺与吡虫啉混合包衣种子处理及在水稻苗期进行喷洒处理对水稻拟禾本科根结线虫防效显著,具有显著的保产效果。     

5-取代苯甲酰基脲-3-哒嗪酮衍生物的合成及昆虫生长调节活性

哒嗪酮是一类具有良好生物活性的杂环,为进一步发现具有昆虫生长调节活性的新型化合物,依据前期研究成果,在3(2H)-哒嗪酮的5位上引入苯甲酰基脲活性基团,设计合成了17个5-取代苯甲酰基脲-3(2H)-哒嗪酮衍生物,并通过两种方法制备得到了目标化合物,结构均通过1H NMR、IR和元素分析确证。初步生物活性研究结果表明,部分化合物如 6a、BPU-4 在200 mg/L时对3龄蝗蝻Locusta migratoria manilensis Linne(Meyen)有较好的生物活性,使蝗蝻因不能正常蜕皮变态而死亡,表现出明显的昆虫生长调节剂(IGRs)类化合物的作用特征。     

马铃薯Y病毒云南昭通烟草分离物的检测及年度间差异比较

利用DAS-ELISA检测试剂盒检测昭通烟草脉斑病样品,结果表明存在马铃薯Y病毒O株系和马铃薯Y病毒N株系两个不同株系病毒。利用Sprimer和M4引物扩增、克隆、测序,得到长度为1 771 bp目的片段,该片段包含病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列、3′ UTR序列以及部分Nib基因序列;序列分析表明与湖南HN 2分离物（GenBank No. GQ200836）和美国NE 11分离物（GenBank No. DQ157180）核苷酸序列相似性均为98%,系统进化分析表明其具有较近的亲缘关系。     

抗稻瘿蚊品种多抗1的抗性遗传分析及抗性基因定位

稻瘿蚊是亚洲稻区主要害虫,采用抗虫品种进行防治是最理想的方法。1993～1995年,广东省农科院与国际水稻研究所有关专家紧密合作,对能抗华南4个稻瘿蚊生物型的品种多抗1作进一步抗性遗传分析,确认多抗1对中国稻瘿蚊生物型1和4的抗性受显性单基因控制,这个基因暂定名为GM—6(t)。以多抗1×丰银占1组合的F3代160个家系作基因标记,据DNA库分离个体分析(BSA)原理,用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记物OPM6(1.4kb),首次成功地标记了这个抗性基因。随后多态性扩增产物经~(32)p标记,用作探针,检测另一个参考作图群体IR64×Azucena,将这个抗性基因定位在水稻第4条染色体上,位于RG214和RG163两个DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记之间。应用这些分子标记辅助选择有可能不必通过稻瘿蚊的直接筛选,快速准确地选育抗稻瘿蚊品种或进行抗性基因累加。