基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒在水稻中的重组结构

应用Southern杂交和引物组合PCR技术研究了基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒（包括启动子、编码区和终止子）在水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中的重组结构。bar基因表达盒的多个拷贝通过重组连接形成1～3个转基因串联子,彼此邻近整合在受体基因组内一个较大的染色体区域,不同转基因串联子之间由水稻基因组DNA间隔,形成转基因簇。bar基因表达盒形成转基因串联子时,存在头接头、头接尾、尾接尾3种连接方式,通常伴随着bar基因片段的截短。     

硼肥在水稻生产上应用效果对比试验

通过在水稻苗期、初花期、齐穗期和灌浆期喷施不同种类的硼肥与空白对照进行对比试验,结果表明:喷施硼肥可增强植株的抗逆性,有利于减少水稻病害的发生,还可改善株型,增强抗倒伏能力;喷施硼肥可以增加水稻的株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,可以提高水稻产量,各处理的产量均高于对照,增产55.2～93.4 kg/667 m2,增产率12.4%～17.6%,其中产量最高的是速乐硼30 g/667 m2,实际产量达624.1 kg/667 m2,增产率17.6%,增产效果显著。     

降解大豆分离蛋白AMPS接枝共聚物的合成与表征

利用酸性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)进行降解,得到一系列降解大豆分离蛋白(HSPI).以过硫酸铵为引发剂、2-巯基乙醇为蛋白质变性剂,在浓度为8 mol/L尿素溶液中进行HSPI与水性单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)的接枝共聚,得到接枝产物(HSPI-g-PAMPS).研究了水解度、引发剂用量、反应时间和单体用量对接枝率和接枝效率的影响,并对HSPI和HSPI-g-PAMPS的溶液性能进行了研究.结果表明:HSPI-g-PAMPS的Zeta电位明显降低、在低剪切速率下HSPI-g-PAMPS的粘度最大.     

玉米杂交种锦单10号高产制种技术研究

锦单10号玉米杂交种是锦州农业科学院以自交系97-54为母本,丹360为父本组配成的玉米杂交种.该杂交种具有较强的杂种优势,熟期适中,配合力高,后期籽粒脱水快,制种产量高,可达3 750～4 500 kg/hm2.生产田产量可达12 000 kg/hm2以上,适于辽宁、内蒙古、吉林南部以及河北等地种植.     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

小麦面粉白度与色泽因子配合力及相关分析

为探讨面粉白度与色泽相关因子的遗传特性及相互关系,选择11个在面粉白度等性状方面具有不同特点的小麦品种作亲本,按5×6不完全双列杂交设计组配杂交组合,对30个F₁杂种和11个亲本的面粉白度与色泽相关因子进行了分析。结果表明,面粉白度、黄色素含量、多酚氧化酶活性在亲本表型值与其一般配合力效应值间存在显著的正相关。在亲本表型值间和一般配合力效应值间,面粉白度与黄色素含量均呈显著负相关,与多酚氧化酶活性间无显著相关性。面粉白度、黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,主要受基因加性效应影响,适合在早代进行选择。德麦3号、济麦22号和济麦20号都能较好地降低后代的黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性,是小麦白度育种中较适宜选择的亲本。在优质中强筋小麦育种中,不应过分追求面粉的白度和亮度,但可通过对低多酚氧化酶活性和低黄色素含量的选择,培育面粉色泽优良的小麦新品种。     

南疆棉区棉花利用氟节胺打顶技术试验

为探讨南疆棉区棉花化学打项技术,以减轻棉花栽培的劳动强度,作者于2013年在新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所试验基地,利用烟草抑芽剂氟节胺进行棉花化学打顶试验。结果表明：施用氟节胺处理与对照相比,在一定程度上可有效控制棉株的生长;其产量略低于对照,株高高于对照,果枝层数增加,但空果枝数、脱落数增多;绒长变短,不孕籽率增多,单铃重量轻。     

常春藤茎段初代培养研究

利用正交设计表研究常春藤茎段诱导无菌苗的初代培养,试验结果经过方差分析及邓肯氏新复极差法显示:常春藤茎段腋芽萌发的最佳激素组合为:BA1.0mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L。     

海南中部四市(县)高效农业发展的现状、思路及措施

海南中部山区是海南岛生物多样性最丰富的区域,但同时也是海南经济发展最落后的地区,其发展关系到海南经济可持续发展、民族团结、社会稳定和海南区域整体发展战略的实现。通过分析海南中部白沙、琼中、保亭、五指山四个市(县)农业的发展现状,指出目前发展高效农业存在的问题,提出海南中部四市县发展高效农业的思路及相应措施。