海南产木薯茎和叶挥发油的化学成分及其生物活性(英文)

为研究木薯茎和叶的挥发油成分,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法对其化学成分进行分析,鉴定了茎的挥发油中25个成分和叶挥发油中22个成分,分别占总挥发油含量的83.53%和83.46%。其中茎挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(31.39%)、油酸(8.94%)、亚油酸(5.57%),叶挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(16.85%)、植醇(15.02%)、异植醇(11.21%)。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定茎和叶挥发油的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性和抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MASA)活性,结果表明:茎的挥发油具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性;叶的挥发油具有抗MASA活性。细胞毒活性结果表明,茎的挥发油对人慢性髓原白血病细胞K562有显著细胞毒活性,其IC50值为7.0μg/mL。     

Soybean oil content QTL mapping and integrating with meta-analysis method for mining genes

Oil content of soybean was a valuable quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Eleven QTLs were detected by both CIM and MIM method with the population crossed between Charleston and Dong nong594 in recent 3 years (2007, 2008, 2009). Combining the QTLs collected over the past 20 years, an integrated map of oil-content major QTLs in soybean was established using soymap2, which was published in 2004, as a reference. Using the software BioMercator ver.2.1, QTLs were projected from their own maps onto the reference map. In total, ninety-eight QTLs were integrated into soymap2. A meta-analysis method was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 20 consensus QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained. Using a local version of GENSCAN, 10,137 sequences in the consensus QTL intervals were predicted. With BLAST, these predicted genes were compared to the International Protein Index database to mine the related genes. The results offer a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in soybean.     

笼养黑叶猴水分摄入与消耗

通过对笼养黑叶猴水分摄入和代谢的观察研究发现：食物中叶片中的水分是黑叶猴水分需要的主要采源,占水分需求总量的76．92％,其它的23．08％来自于自由水。黑叶猴的日进食量与饮水量具有极显著负相关．说明黑叶猴是通过扩大觅食量的时策来获得足够的水分,这对适应季节性的干旱环境尤为重要。黑叶猴日摄入永分676．76g,除部分经体表和呼吸系统排出外,通过尿液和粪便丢失的水分最多,达420．13g,占摄入水分的62．08％。     

基于SE模块和ResNet的番茄病虫害识别

番茄病虫害是引起番茄减产的重要因素。精确识别病虫害种类是当前的国际热点问题之一,有助于及时有效的采取针对性的病虫防治办法,减少和避免因番茄减产导致的经济上的损失。本文针对传统虫害识别方法存在的效率和精确率低的问题,利用Kaggle网站上的Tomato数据集,构建基于压缩和激励（Squeeze-and-Excitation,SE）模块的深度残差网络模型（ResNet）,优化番茄病虫害识别方法。结果表明：（1）通过Pytorch框架下的迁移学习,改进后的网络模型对番茄病虫害图像的平均识别准确率最高为97.96%;（2）基于SE模块的ResNet网络模型有助于增强特征区分能力,增加了模型的通用性和鲁棒性。本文研究结果对番茄病虫害的及时监测和处理、提高番茄产量具有重要意义。     

SPOT-5影像分析的三种融合方法比较——以洪雅县柳江镇退耕还林工程监测为例

以洪雅县柳江镇为试验区,选用SPOT-5全色影像和多光谱影像为材料,采用PCA、Brovey以及IHS变换融合方法,对SPOT-5全色与多光谱图像进行融合处理,为退耕还林工程面积监测奠定基础。通过对各融合结果图像进行主观和客观的综合评价,得到评价结果:Brovey变换融合方法得到的结果图像在其空间质量和光谱质量综合表现的最好,适宜于低山丘陵区的遥感监测使用。     

浅谈热水锅炉的安全运行

作者依据20多年的工作实践经验,对热水锅炉安全运行的必要条件进行了较为详细的阐述。     

2个蝴蝶兰品种对低温胁迫的生理响应

以2年生‘绿熊’和‘安娜’蝴蝶兰品种为试验材料,测定其在低温（5 ℃）下处理12、24、48 h后叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、相对电导率、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛等的含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,分析低温胁迫对不同蝴蝶兰品种叶片表观症状、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明：5 ℃低温胁迫显著降低了‘绿熊’和‘安娜’的净光合速率、气孔导度,并增加了丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等的含量,相对电导率值及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶酶活性,并随着处理时间的增加,其变化程度逐渐加深,但‘绿熊’净光合速率降低幅度低于‘安娜’,且其叶片形态、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量显著高于‘安娜’。由于在5 ℃低温条件下,‘绿熊’叶片的表观症状良好,且净光合速率、气孔导度、过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量等显著高于‘安娜’,表明‘绿熊’的抗冷性优于‘安娜’。     

果蔬采摘机械臂结构设计与性能测试

针对作业空间较小的大棚果蔬采摘环境,研制了串联式4自由度关节型果蔬采摘机械臂。采用SolidWorks建立了机械臂的3维模型,在拉格朗日法建立动力学分析模型的基础上,利用ANSYS和ADAMS分析软件,对机械臂进行静态结构分析和运动学、动力学仿真分析。静力学仿真结果表明,机械臂的最大应力为8.181 8 MPa,最大形变为0.000 329 11 m,结构设计合理,强度符合要求;运动学仿真结果表明,机械臂可以精确到达目标位置,运动过程平稳;动力学仿真结果表明,各关节的最大力矩均在安全合理的范围。为进一步验证设计的合理性,对研制的果蔬采摘机械臂进行了性能测试,结果表明机械臂定位精度最大误差±2.5 mm,平均误差±1.1 mm,带载能力3 kg,机械臂运动平稳,可以满足果蔬采摘作业要求。      

甜叶菊重要农艺性状关联分析

为挖掘与甜叶菊重要农艺性状显著相关标记,利用相关标记辅助甜叶菊育种。本研究对93份甜叶菊种质材料11个重要农艺性状描述性统计,并利用58对EST-SSR引物对其扩增,群体遗传结构分析,基于以上分析采用Tassel 5.0的GLM (generalized linear model)模型进行EST-SSR标记与甜叶菊11个重要农艺性状的关联分析。分析检测到10个标记与6个农艺性状极显著相关,各标记对表型变异的解释率范围为0.071 6～0.189 3,部分标记与2～3个农艺性状极显著关联。     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.