引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽率的蛋白质组学分析

引发处理是目前简便有效的提升种子发芽率和整齐度的方法,但引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽能力的机理并不清楚。利用蛋白质组学方法,分析清水引发和藤茶提取物二氢杨梅素引发2种处理方法与对照的差异蛋白,初步揭示引发提升种子发芽能力的机制。分析双向电泳图谱差异获得2倍以上显著差异蛋白点79个,通过MALDI TOF/TOF MS质谱分析鉴定出74个蛋白,其中2种引发处理与未引发对照相比同步上调或下调的共有蛋白,即引发相关蛋白有57个。分析引发相关蛋白可知,绝大多数的逆境防御蛋白类、能量相关蛋白类以及蛋白质合成和目标类蛋白丰度在引发处理中显著增加,推测引发提高种子发芽率的原因与逆境记忆、能量代谢活动和蛋白质合成能力增强等密切相关。     

A Review on Decaffeination of Tea Products

Since caffeine possesses some well-unknown adverse effects,many attempts have been conducted to remove it from tea products,including selective extraction with different solvents,enzymatic degradation and inhibition the caffeine synthesis pathway.Reports showed that caffeine can be safely and efficiently removed from fresh tea leaves by hot water blanching,however this approach is not suitable for treating the rolled or dried leaves because of the unavoidable loss of catechins.Although microwave-enhanced vacuum ice water extraction can be used for decaffeination of dried tea,time consumption seems to be the main shortage of this method.Liquefied dimethyl ether might be used as another alternative solvent for selective extraction of caffeine from tea products because of its low toxicity and residum,but its decaffeination efficiency needs to be verified furthermore.It has been proved that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is an effective approach for removing caffeine from different types of tea products,while the application of the technique is always limited as its expensive equipments and high running costs.Decaffeination with microbe incubation or enzymatic digestion is highly hopeful since many studies showed that some microorganisms can degrade the caffeine through induced demethylase and oxidase under gentle condition in some model systems,unfortunately,this approach is far away from application since security and quality of the decaffeinated products are rarely concerned.Low-caffeine tea products can be easily produced through normal manufacture by using the leaves harvested from some low-caffeine cultivars which are derived through genetic modification or conventional breeding,but these germplasms are very limited.     

基于适宜尺度选择的冬小麦赤霉病遥感监测

为快速、准确获取江淮麦区县域冬小麦赤霉病发生信息,选用中、高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像做多尺度信息融合研究。在筛选适宜冬小麦田块分布特征的空间尺度遥感影像基础上,通过分析冬小麦长势指标和赤霉病病情指数之间的互作关系,构建基于多农学参数的冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,并对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化进行遥感监测。结果表明:(1)2m×2m、8m×8m和16m×16m三种空间尺度融合影像的均值相差不大,平均梯度和标准差存在明显差异。16m×16m融合影像的清晰度最好,信息量也多,比较适合研究区域冬小麦田块分布特征。(2)16m×16m融合影像提取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和比值植被指数(RVI)值明显高于2m×2m和8m×8m融合影像,说明16m×16m融合影像光谱信息量较丰富,有利于冬小麦的识别。(3)冬小麦叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量和地上部生物量是影响赤霉病发生的主要长势指标。基于主要长势指标构建冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,平方根误差(REMS)为10.5%,相对误差为14.6%。该方法可以实现对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化的有效监测。     

鸽疱疹病毒PCR检测方法的建立及试剂盒的研制

鸽疱疹病毒(PiHV1)感染是由I型鸽疱疹病毒引起的以幼鸽为主的一种常见病毒性传染病,临床上以鼻炎、结膜炎为主要特征。偶尔也会出现精神沉郁、食欲下降、腹泻、呕吐、神经症状。根据已发表的鸽疱疹病毒的基因序列,设计并合成了一对能特异性扩增鸽疱疹病毒的引物,通过对PCR的退火条件的优化,建立了鸽疱疹病毒的PCR检测方法,对发病鸽子进行诊断。并研制出检测试剂盒,再进一步对该试剂盒的敏感性、特异性和稳定性进行了研究,证明该试剂盒具有很高的敏感性和特异性,并且在-20℃条件下可保存1年以上。     

高寒阴湿区豌豆与小麦的间作效应

2010-2011年,对豌豆与小麦在高寒阴湿区不同间作比例下的生育期、叶面积指数及综合产量等进行研究。结果表明：间作可明显延长豌豆的生育期,提高豌豆叶面积指数、综合产量及经济效益。其中处理M2D2即小麦与豌豆按2∶2行比例间作生育期最长,叶面积指数最高,土地当量比最大,具有明显的产量优势,2010和2011年间作综合产量分别较小麦单作(MT)提高58.11%和38.55%,较豌豆单作(DT)提高29.70%和50.87%;全年经济效益分别较小麦单作(MT)的提高112.66%和83.45%;较豌豆单作(DT)提高4.97%和22.08%。因此,豌豆小麦间作模式增产的关键在于行比的合理搭配。     

中亚天然气C线管道SPS仿真模拟

中亚天然气C线管道属于典型的输送压力高、流量大、管道跨度大、压气站数目多、输送工艺复杂的输气管道。为研究中亚天然气C线管道正常工况和事故工况下水热力参数的变化规律以及各种事故下管道的自救时间,采用SPS软件建立了中亚天然气C线管道仿真模型。模拟了正常工况下管道全线压力和温度参数,模拟结果与实际运行数据最大相对误差分别为1.90%和12.24%,验证了模型的可靠性;在此基础上分析了环境温度和管道粗糙度变化对全线输气效率的影响规律,确定了各种事故工况下管道最长的自救时间,可为中亚天然气长输管道运行管理提供参考。     

施肥量与氮肥基追比对西农979产量和品质的效应

为给小麦品种西农979的优质高产栽培提供理论依据,在高、中两种施肥量(高肥:每公顷施纯氮270kg、P2O5 225 kg、K2O 120 kg;中肥:每公顷施纯氮180 kg、P2O5 120 kg、K2O 120 kg)和氮肥7:3、6:4、5:3 :2、10:0四种基追比例(一次追氮在拔节期进行,两次追氮分别在拔节期与孕穗期进行)条件下,研究了施肥量和氮肥基追比例对西农979产量和品质的影响.结果表明,高肥处理产量比中肥处理产量提高9.66%;无论在中肥或高肥条件下,籽粒产量均随氮肥追施比例的增加而提高.施肥量和氮肥基追比例对千粒重的影响较小,对穗粒数的影响居中,对群体穗数的调控作用较大.氮肥基追并施可显著提高成穗率.随施肥量的提高和氮肥追施比例的加大,群体穗数逐渐增加,籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量也有逐渐提高的趋势,但蛋白质含量增幅小,湿面筋含量增幅大.高施肥量下,氮肥基追比例5:3:2,西农979的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量最高,分别达到8 573.5 kg·hm-2、14.97%和32.12%.     

Survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt: a comparison between suspended and bottom cultures in a subtropical fish farm during summer

The feasibility of co‐culturing the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt in a subtropical fish farm was investigated in a field study. Sea cucumbers were cultured in the fish farm in cages suspended at 4 m deep (suspended culture) and directly on the seafloor (bottom culture). The survival and growth of the sea cucumbers were monitored twice during the 3‐month, summer experimental period (May 26–August 14, 2010). Results showed that the suspension‐cultured sea cucumbers exhibited excellent survival rate (100%) during the whole study period. There also occurred no mortality in the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers during the first culture period (May 26–July 13); but all these died from anoxia caused by water column stratification during the second culture period (July 14–August 14). The specific growth rate of the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers (1.05 ± 0.21 % day^?1) was nearly double that of the suspended culture animals (0.57 ± 0.21 % day^?1) during the first culture period, and the growth rates of the suspended culture sea cucumbers in the second culture periods (0.46 ± 0.24 % day^?1) was only a little lower than that of the first period. The sea cucumbers H. leucospilota could ingest and assimilate sediment with high organic matter content with an average assimilation efficiency of 14.9 ± 3.9%. This study indicated that fish farm detritus can be effectively used as a food source for the sea cucumber and that it can be turned into a valuable secondary crop in the form of the sea cucumber biomass.     

池塘中亚硝酸盐对草鱼种的毒害及防治

亚硝酸盐对草鱼种有很高的毒性,特别是水温超过30℃以上时。它主要是诱导草鱼血液中的血红蛋白转变为高铁血红蛋白,高铁血红蛋白超过血红蛋白总量的23.0％时,容易诱发草鱼出血病。随着草鱼血液中高铁血红蛋白的增高,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量逐渐减少。池中亚硝酸盐氮含量到0.099±0.03毫克/升时,草鱼会出现出血病。清除水中亚硝酸盐氮的方法是在池塘中施加次氯酸钠,亚硝酸盐氮超过0.15毫克/升时,最好在池塘中先施加熟石灰,然后施加次氯酸钠,且以分次施用,效果较好。