蠕变对重组竹板增强胶合木梁长期受弯性能的影响

以云杉-松-冷杉(SPF)和重组竹为材料,制作18根试验梁(2850mm×150mm×50mm),普通胶合木梁和置换率为1/6、2/6的重组竹板增强胶合木梁各6根;采用三分点对称逐级加载方式进行加载试验;测试不同置换率时胶合木梁跨中净挠度、不同加载比例时胶合木梁跨中净挠度、试验梁破坏形态、试验梁极限荷载、试验梁荷载-挠度关系曲线,分析置换率和加载比例对重组竹板增强胶合木梁长期受弯性能的影响.结果表明:置换率一定时,随着加载比例的增大,梁初始挠度及蠕变变形值均增大,且在高加载比例时,蠕变变形增长速度显著提高;加载比例一定时,置换率为2/6的重组竹板增强胶合木梁的初始挠度、蠕变变形值及蠕变变形增长速度,均小于置换率为1/6的重组竹板增强胶合木梁.对比长期加载试验与短期加载试验的试验结果,长期荷载作用对试验梁破坏形态影响较小,但是会降低胶合木梁的极限承载力、刚度和变形能力;长期荷载作用后,置换率为2/6的重组竹板增强胶合木梁的极限承载力下降7.9％～30.2％,比置换率为1/6的重组竹板增强胶合木梁下降幅度更小,长期受弯性能更好.     

分枝期旱涝急转对大豆生长发育的影响

为揭示大豆旱涝急转条件下先期旱胁迫与后期涝胁迫的交互作用对其生长发育和产量造成的影响,开展了不同程度单一受涝和不同程度旱涝急转的对比试验.分析了不同处理下大豆株高、叶绿素含量的变化规律及产量减产规律,量化了旱涝相互作用间的效应,初步揭示了旱涝急转下的大豆减产规律.结果表明:旱涝急转对于大豆正常生长发育的胁迫作用和最终导致的减产要明显小于单涝组;前期轻度干旱对于后期涝胁迫对大豆正常生长造成的抑制有不同程度的缓解、补偿效应,且在一定受旱程度范围内基本呈现前期受旱时间越长,其后期补偿效应越大的规律;旱涝急转组相比单涝组产量有明显增加的原因,是因为前期适宜的轻度干旱对于大豆百粒重补偿了4.79％～20.00％、平均单株荚数补偿了4.28％～46.63％、单株实荚数补偿了9.72％～73.04％,同时结合株高和叶绿素含量的变化规律,说明短期轻旱增强了大豆对于外界水土环境的耐受性,缓解了后期涝渍对大豆生长发育造成的生理胁迫.研究成果可为探究旱涝急转致灾机理,制定合理的面向旱涝急转的减灾、防灾措施提供技术支撑.     

苦参碱不同给药途径对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

为探究苦参碱灌胃和腹腔注射不同给药途径对肠道菌群的影响,将昆明小鼠随机分为4组,分别为生理盐水腹腔注射组(NCip)、生理盐水灌胃组(NCig)、苦参碱腹腔注射组(MTip)及苦参碱灌胃组(MTig),连续给药5d后,收集各组粪便,进行小鼠肠道微生物α多样性指数分析和β多样性分析,利用LEfSe和Metastats分析不同组间肠道菌群的差异。结果表明:灌胃和腹腔注射苦参碱的不同给药方式对小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性指数及β多样性的影响差异不显著(P0.05);LEfSe分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,腹腔注射苦参碱组的小鼠肠道有益菌拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、调节机体代谢的另枝菌属(Alistipes)丰度显著增加(P0.05);Metastats分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,苦参碱腹腔注射组的小鼠肠道与结肠炎相关的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、[Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group丰度显著降低(P0.05)。综上,不同给药途径会引起肠道菌群的差异,相比于灌胃给予苦参碱,通过腹腔注射给予苦参碱更有利于优化肠道菌群的结构及功能。     

生物炭及炭基肥影响农田土壤改良效应的研究进展

我国南方农田普遍存在土壤酸化加速、土壤肥力和质量不断下降、土壤微生物群落结构和功能失调等土壤退化现象。近年来,大量研究表明生物炭是一种应用前景广阔的土壤改良剂,而将其与肥料有效结合制成生物炭基肥,将在我国农田酸化土壤改良和作物增产等方面发挥重要作用。本文重点针对生物炭和生物炭基肥在农田生态系统中影响土壤改良的效应进行了综述,旨在为我国南方农田土壤改良和农业生产可持续发展提供参考。     

马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因的鉴定及对矿化相关基因表达的影响

胰岛素样生长因子2结合蛋白( IGF2BPs)是一种重要的RNA代谢调控因子,涉及多个不同的生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因,命名为PfIGF2BP1-1,该基因cDNA全长为7348 bp,ORF长 1818 bp,编码605个氨基酸。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PfIGF2BP1-1有2个RRM结构域和4个KH结构域,与其他物种来源的IGF2BPs同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PfIGF2BP1-1 在马氏珠母贝的8个组织中均有表达,在肌肉组织表达最高,其次为足和外套膜组织。利用pET-32a 原核表达载体构建了含有PfIGF2BP1-1成熟多肽区的重组质粒并成功表达蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L,37 ℃培养8 h的条件下诱导表达PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白最佳。PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白刺激马氏珠母贝外套膜原代细胞,引起壳基质蛋白基因Accbp、MSI7、Nacrein的表达水平显著上升(p < 0.05),表明PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白可诱导壳矿化相关基因的表达参与马氏珠母贝的生物矿化过程。     

肉鸭3～7周龄预混料及全价饲料优化配方研究

本研究在“肉鸭3～7周龄基础日粮优化配方研究”的基础上，将筛选出的肉鸭3～7周龄2套基础日粮优化配方与3套不同类型的预混料配方进行组合，进行饲养试验与屠宰测定，观察肉鸭的生长速度、饲料报酬、成活率、单位增重饲料成本、屠体品质等性状。结果显示：本试验设计的预混料配方Ⅲ是肉鸭3～7周龄预混料优化配方，优化基础配方Ⅰ与预混料配方Ⅲ、Ⅱ的组合均为肉鸭3～7周龄全价饲料优化配方。     

高植物蛋白饲料中添加蛋白酶对克氏原螯虾生长、免疫力及消化力的影响

为探讨低鱼粉高植物蛋白饲料中蛋白酶的适宜添加范围,在克氏原螯虾基础饲料中分别添加0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/kg蛋白酶,制作成6组饲料。选择初始体质量为(8.18±0.11) g的克氏原螯虾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾虾,在室内养殖桶中饲养8周。结果显示,随饲料蛋白酶添加量的增加：(1)各组间存活率、肝体比、腹部含肉率均无显著差异;增重率和特定生长率均先升高后降低,且在蛋白酶添加量为0.2 g/kg时达到最大值。当蛋白酶添加量为0.4 g/kg时饲料系数最低;蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率分别在添加量为0.4和0.2 g/kg时达到最高值。经折线回归分析,增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率分别在蛋白酶添加量为0.16、0.24、0.23 g/kg时有最佳值。(2)腹部肌肉和全虾粗蛋白质含量先升高后降低最终趋于平稳,均在0.2 g/kg组有最大值。(3)肠道及肝胰腺蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性均先增加后缓慢降低,均在0.2 g/kg组出现最大值,且显著高于对照组。(4)血清总蛋白含量在0.4 g/kg组出现最大值;谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性先降低后增加,均在0.4 ...     

Structure and function of antimicrobial peptide penaeidin-5 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

The gene for penaeidin-5, an antimicrobial peptide comprising 55 amino acids, was isolated from the hemocyte of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). RT-PCR expression tests revealed that penaeidin-5 was produced in hemocytes, gills, the intestine and muscle. Western blot analysis confirmed the panaeidin-5 was aboundantin hemocytes, the intestine and hemolymph. Immunohistochemistry revealedpenaeidin-5 in the cuticle and gills that are considered primary defense barriers. The deduced amino acid sequence of penaeidin-5 included a proline-rich N-terminal domain and a carboxyl-domain that contained six cysteine residues. Circular dichrosim analysis revealed an -helix in its secondary structure and the predicted 3D structure indicated two-disulfide bridges in the -helix. Based on the sequence of penaeidin-5 peptide cDNA, synthetic penaeidin-5 was prepared to carry out functional tests. The synthetic peptide had efficient bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Aerococcus viridans, and also inhibited the growth of two filamentous fungi, Fusarium pisi and Fusarium oxysporum. To measure penaeidin-5 in vivo, black tiger shrimp were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus and A. viridans. At 3 h post-challenge, penaeidin-5 was induced and bacterial numbers decreased significantly by 12 h and 24 h.     

Characterization of culture supernatant proteins from Brucella abortus and its protection effects against murine brucellosis

In this study, we characterized the secreted proteins of Brucella abortus into the enriched media under the bacterial laboratory growth condition and investigated the pathogenic importance of culture supernatant (CS) proteins to B. abortus infection. CS proteins from stationary phase were concentrated and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis. In MALDI TOF/TOF analysis, more than 27 proteins including CuZn SOD, Dps, Tat, OMPs, Adh, LivF, Tuf, SucC, GroEL and DnaK were identified. Cytotoxic effects of CS proteins were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon B. abortus challenge into phagocytes, however, CS proteins pre-treated cells exhibited lower bacterial uptake and intracellular replication compared to untreated cells. Immunization with CS proteins induced a strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and exhibited significant higher degree of protection against virulence of B. abortus infection compared to mice immunized with Brucella broth protein (BBP). Taken together, these results indicate that B. abortus secreted a number of soluble immunogenic proteins under laboratory culture condition, which can promote antibody production resulted in enhancing host defense against to subsequently bacterial infection. Moreover, further analysis of CS proteins may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of B. abortus infection and host–pathogen interaction.     

The siderophore-interacting protein is involved in iron acquisition and virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3

Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence.