Soil acidification induced by intensive agricultural use depending on climate

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil acidification is a major issue in agricultural ecosystems. However, how agricultural land uses shape the soil pH pattern and affect soil acidification on a...     

Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase

Cardol triene was first purified from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. Two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase and lead to the complete loss of its catalytic activity. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of cardol triene with the enzyme. The anti-tyrosinase kinetic research of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitory mechanisms of resorcinolic lipids and is beneficial for the future design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.     

Enhanced anti-inflammatory activities of Monascus pilosus fermented products by addition of ginger to the medium

Hypercholesterolemia initiates the atherogenic process; however, chronic inflammation promotes atherogenesis. Monascus spp. fermented products are recognized for their anti-hypercholesterolemic effect, but their anti-inflammatory activity is not as significant as that of many plant-derived foods. To enhance the anti-inflammatory function of Monascus pilosus fermented products, ginger was added to the PDB medium at a ratio of 20% (v/v). The mycelia and broth were collected, freeze-dried, and extracted by ethanol for assays. Macrophage RAW264.7 was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and coincubated with the extracts of fermented product cultured in ginger-supplemented medium (MPG) or extracts of fermented product cultured in regular PDB medium (MP) for 18 h. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell HUVEC was challenged with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and coincubated with the extracts of either MPG or MP for 6 h. The results showed that MPG significantly (p<0.05) lowered the production of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 68.53%, 84.29%, 32.55%, 84.49%, and 69.49%, respectively; however, MP had no inhibitory effect. MPG significantly downregulated the expression of p-IκB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophage by 42.16%, 50.87%, and 51.35%, respectively, while MP had no inhibition on COX-2 expression and only 16.64% and 19.22% downregulatory effect on iNOS and phosphorylated-IκB (p-IκB), respectively. Moreover, MPG significantly suppressed the expression of vessel cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and p-IκB in endothelial cell by 63.48% and 63.41%, respectively. LC/MS/MS analysis indicated that 6-gingerdiol was formed in the ginger-modified medium during fermentation. The results of this study will facilitate the development of Monascus spp. fermented products as antiatherosclerotic nutraceuticals.     

紫砂壶养壶文化研究

宜兴的紫砂壶养壶文化由来已久。历史上流传下来的传说中,即有紫砂壶养壶文化方面的内容。如“刷洗后售卖茶壶而身价不名”的传说。虽然这一故事有失科学内涵,但经过良好滋养的紫砂壶泡茶功效优于其他陶瓷茶具已是不争的事实,而这些只发生在紫砂壶上的传说故事又说明了它和其他陶瓷茶具的不同。作为一件毫无生命特性的普通工艺美术品,经过了火的洗礼,从窑中取出带有“燥气”、“土腥之味”,生气未发,     

用酶法制备藏羊血食用蛋白粉的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,对藏羊血制备食用蛋白的工艺进行了分析。经分析食用蛋白粉水解最佳条件为：酶解用酶量4.5g,酶解温度为46℃,酶解时间为7.5h,酶解的pH值为10.5,活性炭作用于水解液时由室温升至80℃所需最佳时间为6～8min。     

早熟抗虫棉品种荆PC10的选育与配套栽培技术

荆PC10是荆州农业科学院以自育早熟品系荆L012为母本,以荆6017为父本进行杂交,通过南繁加代、纤维品质检测、产量比较试验、抗病性鉴定、连续定向筛选培育而成的早熟抗虫棉品种,2021年通过湖北省品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有早熟性较好、丰产稳产性好、吐絮集中等特点,纤维品质达到湖北省棉花品种审定标准II型品种要求,适于湖北植棉区油菜或小麦收获后直播种植。对该品种的选育过程、特征特性及栽培技术要点进行了简要介绍。     

兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练的探索与体会

为适应当前重大动物疫情防控工作需要,探索应用型、复合型兽医硕士专业学位研究生人才培养方式,更好适应快速发展的畜牧业对重大动物疫情防控提出的新要求。2021年,对全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展了重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。以假定校实验教学基地养猪场发生非洲猪瘟为案例,研究生根据各自承担的角色,模拟实景场地开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。通过模拟场景实地演练,研究生掌握了重大动物疫情处置基本流程,提高了重大动物疫情应急处置能力,模拟演练取得满意效果。本文为全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生实践能力培养提供了参考。     

Genomewide association study of immune traits in chicken F2 resource population

Immune traits play pivotal roles in animal immune capacity development and disease resistance. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common forms of genetic variations among individuals, which are thought to account for the majority of inherited phenotypic variations. In this study, we performed genomewide association, using the Illumina 60K SNP BeadChip studies to detect molecular markers and candidate genes associated with immune traits in an F2 population. Sixteen immune traits were measured. We identified 85 significant SNPs (p < 2.98 × 10^?6) with 5% as the genomewide significance threshold, 380 SNPs of suggestive significance (p < 5.96 × 10^?5) from simple model (general linear model, GLM) and 15 SNPs of suggestive significance (p < 5.96 × 10^?5) from the compressed mixed linear model (MLM), which were also found in GLM (six significant SNPs and seven suggestive SNPs). Three significant SNPs (GGaluGA151406, Gga_rs14554319 and Gga_rs13593979) and candidate genes (LYRM4 and KTN1) were found to be associated with avian influenza antibody titres, and the first two SNPs are from the results of two‐model analysis. For the immune organs, through the analysis of GLM, 19 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with the thymus weight, 61 SNPs were significantly associated with the bursa of Fabricius weight, six of which were located within a 34‐Mb region (125 846 474–159 649 698 bp) on chicken chromosome 1 (GGA1). A candidate region relevant to haematological traits from GLM was found in GGA4 and 9 loci were located on it. Three loci (GGaluGA348521, Gga_rs16098446 and GGaluGA348518) within 179 kb (16 286 868–16 466 134 bp) on GGAZ from GLM provided evidence that this genomic segment may be relevant to red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW). Our study provides a list of significant SNPs and candidate genes that will be valuable information for unveiling the underlying molecular mechanism of immune regulation.     

灌溉对华北农牧交错带无芒雀麦生物学特性的影响

研究了河北坝上地区不同水分处理下无芒雀麦的生物学特性。结果表明,不同水分处理对无芒雀麦的植株高度、分蘖数、叶面积、地上和地下植物量等生物学特性均有不同程度的影响。在9月初刈割前,植株高度顺序为W3>W4>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水有利于植株的生长;叶面积大小顺序与植株高度变化规律相似,叶面积大小顺序为W4>W3>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水利于叶片的增大;对于分蘖数则相反,不同水分处理分蘖数顺序为W1>W2>W3>W4,灌水越多分蘖越少,说明整个生长季里适当的干旱可以促进分蘖;不同水分处理下地上植物量的大小次序为W2>W4>W3>W1,但无显著差异;不同水分处理根系重量的大小次序为W2>W1>W3>W4,说明适当干旱有利于无芒雀麦根系的生长。