陕西关中东部棉花抗旱品种农艺节水综合技术研究

按照生态农业理论和抗旱节水技术要求,对棉花抗旱品种、不同密度、不同基肥N、P的施用量进行田间综合试验,采用正交设计法。3年试验研究结果表明:密度以每公顷种植7.5万株比4.5万株、6万株平均增产671.85kg、483.30kg,增产57.49%和41.36%。品种陕402(早熟)、陕576(中早熟)分别比中棉所19(中熟)增产16.62%和16.17%,具有较强抗旱性。磷酸二铵比尿素增产作用明显,每公顷施150、225kg分别增产11.35%和10.53%。     

中国粮食安全现状与应对策略

粮食是人类生存与发展的基础,粮食安全目前已经纳入国家战略,在世界贸易摩擦不断加剧的新形势下,保障国家粮食安全是长期艰巨的任务。分析了我国粮食生产现状及存在的问题,并针对粮食总量和质量上存在的问题提出了应对策略。提出了加强耕地保护与环境治理,建立粮食加工监管全程追溯系统,深化粮食科研院所改革,构建上下协同、功能互补和配置高效的粮食科技协同创新体系,持续推进粮食品种与区域结构调整,开展粮食增产模式攻关等方法,从而促进粮食安全保障能力稳步提升。      

汉语“着”的日译浅析

汉语中的“着”字，是一个常见的多音、多词性、多义的词，出现频率高，使用范围广，因此，把汉语“着”字译成日语时，也就出现了多种不同的译法。本文按照“着”字的汉语读音、词性、词义的顺序，通过实例就它的日译问题进行一番分析。     

白三叶(Trifolium repens L)无性系植物分株间的生理整合作用

研究了白三叶无性系植物种群，在相互连接的分株之间生理上相互依存的程度。结果显示子代在生理上取决于母株资源的转移，这一依赖性随时间而下降。相互连接的分株，一部分被遮荫至１０％，而照光分株光合速率明显增加。光被限制期间，分株将重新整合，遮荫分株无性系中由其它分株提供同化物。在子代匍匐茎数目和长度上有一个权衡。当资源受限制时，产生极少较长的子代匍匐茎，结果提高了子代能够占据更有利条件的可能性。在分株之间，生理整合作用降低了子代建立所面临的危险，使同源分株在资源的可利用能力上整合到一个局部的异质环境，增加同源分株间的竞争能力，缓冲所面对的局部微生境的选择。     

Study on Metsulfuron-Methyl Degradation in Simulated Wheat (Triticum Asetivum L.) Rhizospheric Soil with Penicillium sp. Inoculation

Weathering of abraded metallic Pb from bullets is a significant source of Pb contamination in shooting range soils. Weathering studies were performed using metallic Pb powder to simulate the fine-size fraction of metallic Pb found in shooting range soils. The effects of soil properties (moisture, organic matter-[OM] and pH) on weathering of abraded metallic Pb were examined by incubating a typical Florida soil for 5 to 12 days at 100% or 80% field capacity (FC) after spiking with 5% metallic Pb, after removal of soil OM at 100% FC, and after adjusting the soil pH to 4.8, 6.1 or 8.5 at 100% FC. The weathering products were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transformation of metallic Pb to secondary Pb-minerals was more rapid at 100% FC, in the presence of OM, and at lower pH. While little transformation of Pb occurred in the absence of soil OM and mostly litharge (PbO) was found at higher pH, both hydrocerussite and litharge formed at lower pH. A three-step weathering mechanisms of metallic Pb including oxidation, carbonation and dissolution was proposed. Addition of both calcium carbonate and phosphate rock was effective in reducing water-soluble Pb, though the effect was minimal after 11 weeks of incubation, attributing to the liming effect of metallic Pb added to the soil. While reducing soil moisture and organic matter and increasing soil pH slowed weathering of metallic Pb in a soil, the effect of calcium carbonate and phosphate rock on Pb solubility in soils highly contaminated with Pb was limited.     

甘蔗糖厂压榨机减速齿轮箱发展方向研讨与展望

源于【法】雪铁龙型而广泛用于广东、广西的压榨机主力型齿轮箱为中心驱动功率双分流平行轴三级减速单出轴式，而广泛用于云南的杭州重型齿轮箱工业有限公司以上述为基型但带差动行星机构的功率双或四分支三出轴型及【日】川崎、【丹麦】司密斯、【德】法兰特型都属于同一类型的改进提高型(在浮动均载和改善齿接触方面)。但他们都带有先天基因性质的共同缺憾——是定轴而非动轴传动，是外啮合而非内啮合；功率分流数相对少(杭重齿的四分流例外)。及由此而引发的其它派生出的严重问题。本文对此展开分析研讨并回答广大糖厂业主一直思索的有关疑虑——为什么上述主力型齿轮箱老是要不断更换齿轮?有否从根本上解决的办法(即替代产品)?若有，可行性如何?何时可提供?效果又怎样?     

朴实农民当上省人大代表——记安徽省肥西县农机大户严德敏

他是一位朴实的农民，也是一位荣获多种头衔并当选省人大代表的不平凡的农民，更是一位伴随农机化成长发展起来的新型农民，他就是安徽省肥西县严店乡严店村农机大户严德敏。     

NrDNA internal transcribed spacer revealed molecular diversity in strains of red seaweed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra yezoensis</Emphasis> and genetic insights for commercial breeding

Unraveling the cryptic genetic diversity and selective breeding network in various Porphyra strains is of significance for conservation and utilization of economically important nori crops, for both current and future needs. Here, we used nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS1) region to investigate the genetic variation and intra-specific relatedness of 59 Porphyra yezoensis Ueda specimens worldwide using phylogenetic and parsimony genealogical approaches. 23 nrDNA ITS1 genotypes were revealed and clustering analysis grouped them into two distinct clades. High genetic diversity was detected in wild P. yezoensis strains from Miyagi and Hokkaido Prefectures in Japan, while the cultivated strains from China and South Korea exhibited relatively higher genetic diversity likewise, which provided crucial genetic insights for future commercial breeding of P. yezoensis on a global scale. In addition, phylogenetic study has revealed the genetic relationship of strains with unknown parentage to those with known parentage, and also ITS1 sequence pattern could be correlated with the geographic origin of P. yezoensis specimens. All these pedigree information generated from this research can be used to select parents for inter-specific or intra-specific selective breeding and cross breeding to maximize the preservation of stock resource and sustainable development of nori industry.     

解析点在园林景观设计中的形式表达

点是现代景观设计中一个重要的视觉造型元素。现就景观设计中点的涵义、形态视觉特性等方面进行论述,并通过应用实例来阐述景观设计中点的几种表达方式,不同"点"的造型要素在不同应用情况下产生的不同景观效果。     

土壤水分含量与施肥量对辣椒产量与品质的影响

通过盆栽大方线辣椒,研究了土壤水分含量与施氮量对辣椒果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,土壤水分含量和施氮量对产量影响显著,其中W2N2(土壤水分下限为60%Q,0.2gN/kg干土)产量最高;同一土壤水分含量,施氮能显著的增加辣椒素、维生素C、干物质和可溶性糖等物质含量,但施氮过多,辣椒素、维生素C含量下降;同一施氮量,土壤水分含量下降辣椒素、维生素C含量显著增加。综合来看,W2N2产量最高,品质较好。