甘蓝型油菜春播制种父本花粉量与温度关系的研究初报

在贵州的气候条件下,春播油菜制种组合“油研四号”其父本80133开花期花粉级别显著降低的临界温度在24℃左右,且与开花前的温度无关,与开花当时温度存在极显著负相关:r=-0.8764其回归关系式:Y=5.5059-0.1696x;该组合父本最适宜播期掌握在2月9日和2月19日两期之间,母本结实好,制种产量高。     

典型相关分析在湿地土壤特征研究中的应用——以黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地土壤为例

 为了更好地评价和管理湿地,对黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地土壤养分特征和酶活性进行研究,同时运用典型相关分析法研究土壤养分和土壤酶2组变量的关系。结果表明,随着远离海岸线的方向,土壤有机质及各养分表现出有规律的变化,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性沿湿地演替的方向活性升高,过氧化物酶活性降低。运用"土壤综合养分因子"和"土壤综合酶因子",结合典型变量排序图对湿地土壤性质进行分析评价,得出:极大典型相关变量系数为0.9988,特征值占总特征值的99.36%,达极显著水平;极大典型相关变量的"土壤综合养分因子"和"土壤综合酶因子"的典型变量排序图显示很好的线性特征,可以作为冲积平原湿地土壤酶活性和土壤养分的指示因子。     

Effects of Culture Conditions on the Hairy Roots Growth of Psammosilene tunicoides

利用发根农杆菌ATCC15834诱导金铁锁获得毛状根,研究金铁锁毛状根的最优培养条件.结果表明,在5种培养基中,以在1/2MS培养基中皂苷的总产量最大;添加3％蔗糖、水解乳蛋白(LH)及IBA利于毛状根的生长及总皂苷的积累;而添加IAA、NAA、6-BA及蛋白胨抑制其生长.     

杨树杂交品种汉杨2号、汉杨3号、汉杨8号的选育初报

经过12年研究,选育出"汉杨2号"(鲁山杨×圣山杨)、"汉杨3号"(I-69杨×鲁山杨)、"汉杨8号"(圣山杨×鲁山杨)等3个杨树杂交新品种,其5 a生单株材积达到0.218 24 m3,0.241 3 m3,0.218 2 m3,其遗传增益为15.18%,26.08%,15.18%;通过初步试验结果,将进一步开展区域造林试验和推广应用。     

小麦CpFBA基因的多样性及其对低温处理的响应

叶绿体果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(chloroplast fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase,CpFBA)是Calvin循环碳固定过程中的一个关键酶。该酶在光合作用中具有重要的功能,在一些非生物胁迫响应中也起重要的调控作用。本文用RT-PCR、RACE方法从小麦返白系中克隆到三个小麦CpFBA(TaCpFBA)的cDNA序列,预测其中两个编码388AA、另一个编码309AA;在对照矮变1号中克隆到两个TaCpFBA的cDNA序列,预测分别编码388AA和373AA。两个材料中得到的388AA序列完全一致,预测1-37位氨基酸残基是叶绿体定位导肽序列。根据cDNA全长序列设计引物,从返白系和矮变1号中分别扩增得到TaCpFBA的基因组DNA序列,两个序列均包含六个外显子。构建TaCpFBA-eGFP融合表达载体并转化拟南芥原生质体,对基因表达产物进行了亚细胞定位,证明TaCpFBA基因表达产物定位于叶绿体中。用Real TimePCR对小麦CpFBA在低温条件下的表达模式进行了初步研究,结果表明,低温条件下矮变1号中CpFBA的表达先升高后降低,而在低温敏感的小麦返白系中,CpFBA的表达先降低后逐渐升高,揭示了小麦CpFBA在不同的低温响应机制中的表达差异。     

Introgression of bacterial blight resistance genes Xa7, Xa21, Xa22 and Xa23 into hybrid rice restorer lines by molecular marker-assisted selection

Four bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21, Xa22 and Xa23, were introgressed into an elite hybrid rice restorer line Huahui 1035, by marker-assisted selection (MAS). Ten promising BB resistant lines identified by MAS approach in Huahui 1035 restorer background and their respective F₁ hybrids with a cytoplasmic male sterile line i.e. Jinke 1A, three BB resistant gene donors and their recurrent parent were evaluated for BB resistance by inoculating them with eleven representative races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in China. Further, the ten marker assisted selection of BB (MAS-BB) resistant restorer lines and their F₁ hybrids were also characterized for agro-morphological traits and grain yield. Results revealed that restorer lines with Xa23 introgression i.e. HBQ809 and HBQ810 were found to be resistant to all eleven Chinese representative Xoo races, showing broad spectrum resistance to BB. However, the lines possessing Xa7 or Xa7+Xa21 were resistant to ten out of eleven Xoo races. While restorer lines with Xa21 were resistant to nine out of eleven Xoo races. Interestingly, the F₁ hybrids with Xa23, Xa7 or Xa7+Xa21 were resistant to two severe epidemic Xoo races of China. Restorer lines i.e. HBQ807 and HBQ808 possessing Xa22 were only resistant to six or five out of inoculated eleven Xoo races. Lesion length comparisons between restorer lines and their F₁ hybrids for the above four BB resistance genes showed them to be dominant in heterozygote genotype. Three promising high yielding F₁ hybrids with BB resistance were identified for immediate exploitation for hybrid rice production in China.     

抑制物对草菇生长的影响

为了解决草菇低产问题,参考同是草腐菌的双孢蘑菇文献,对造成草菇低产因素之一的抑制物采用液体培养,并逐步排除。有目的地将培养料分为A、B、C 3组,经过一个栽培周期后,将3组培养料制备成提取液,并将提取液分为T1、T2、T3、T4处理,分别接草菇菌种,观察生长情况和记录生物质量。结果显示:各组以20 g/L的T1、T2、T3处理均不抑制草菇的生长,各组不处理的提取液(T4)均抑制草菇生长,其中BT4和CT4有未知物生长,各组的生物量均以T3处理的最高;将不同质量浓度梯度的(100、250、500 g/L)CT1处理提取液加到液体培养基中,均不抑制草菇的生长,生物量随着质量浓度的增大而增大;将1 000 g/L CT1和CT2处理加到液体培养基中,均不抑制草菇的生长,生物量以CT1处理的最高;进一步对BT4和CT4的未知物进行分子检测,得到肉座菌属和烟曲霉。说明界定在本栽培环境中影响草菇生长或产量的抑制物为肉座菌属和烟曲霉。     

Sucrose efflux mediated by SWEET proteins as a key step for phloem transport

Plants transport fixed carbon predominantly as sucrose, which is produced in mesophyll cells and imported into phloem cells for translocation throughout the plant. It is not known how sucrose migrates from sites of synthesis in the mesophyll to the phloem, or which cells mediate efflux into the apoplasm as a prerequisite for phloem loading by the SUT sucrose-H(+) (proton) cotransporters. Using optical sucrose sensors, we identified a subfamily of SWEET sucrose efflux transporters. AtSWEET11 and 12 localize to the plasma membrane of the phloem. Mutant plants carrying insertions in AtSWEET11 and 12 are defective in phloem loading, thus revealing a two-step mechanism of SWEET-mediated export from parenchyma cells feeding H(+)-coupled import into the sieve element-companion cell complex. We discuss how restriction of intercellular transport to the interface of adjacent phloem cells may be an effective mechanism to limit the availability of photosynthetic carbon in the leaf apoplasm in order to prevent pathogen infections.     

dSarm/Sarm1 is required for activation of an injury-induced axon death pathway

Axonal and synaptic degeneration is a hallmark of peripheral neuropathy, brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease. Axonal degeneration has been proposed to be mediated by an active autodestruction program, akin to apoptotic cell death; however, loss-of-function mutations capable of potently blocking axon self-destruction have not been described. Here, we show that loss of the Drosophila Toll receptor adaptor dSarm (sterile α/Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein) cell-autonomously suppresses Wallerian degeneration for weeks after axotomy. Severed mouse Sarm1 null axons exhibit remarkable long-term survival both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that Sarm1 prodegenerative signaling is conserved in mammals. Our results provide direct evidence that axons actively promote their own destruction after injury and identify dSarm/Sarm1 as a member of an ancient axon death signaling pathway.     

中国森林管理活动碳汇及其潜力

利用总-净核算和净-净核算 2 种方式估算中国森林管理活动的碳汇量及其潜力。结果表明:基年为1990 年时,总 - 净核算方式下 2010,2020,2030,2040和2050年中国森林管理碳汇量分别为 58.7,57.8,58.4,62.7和 67.2 MtC·a-1,净-净核算方式下分别为 14. 9,17.5,20.1,26.0和31.7 MtC·a- 1;基年为 2000 年时,总-净核算方式下 2010,2020,2030,2040 和 2050 年中国森林管理碳汇量分别为 73.5,72.1,72.8,78.1 和 83.6 MtC·a- 1,净 -净核算方式下分别为 2.0,5.7,9.3,16.8 和 24.2 MtC·a- 1; 同一基年 2 种核算方式估算的森林管理碳汇量变化趋势相同,且总 - 净核算的碳汇量大于净 - 净核算的碳汇量。