不同土壤熏蒸剂对烤烟苗床杂草的药效试验

以烟草品种龙江911为供试材料,对适每地、维博亩和斯美地这3种不同土壤熏蒸剂防除烟草苗床杂草效果进行了试验。结果表明,适每地和斯美地这两种土壤熏蒸剂对苗床杂草均有较好的防除效果。综合防除效果及安全性等因素．以斯美地效果最理想,其次是适每地,均可在黑龙江省烟区推广使用。     

日本落叶松EST-SSR标记开发及二代优树遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记研究选自第1代育种试验林、拟纳入二代育种群体的264株日本落叶松二代优树的遗传变异情况。利用1620条落叶松EST序列进行EST-SSR标记的开发,共发现58条序列中含有67个SSR位点,占全部EST序列的3.58%。获得7个多态性EST-SSR标记,其中5个在朝鲜落叶松、长白落叶松、兴安落叶松和华北落叶松中均可扩增出预期目标片段,且具有多态性,表明这些标记在落叶松属内的通用性良好。利用6个EST-SSR标记和4个gSSR标记对日本落叶松二代优树群体开展遗传多样性分析,每个位点的平均等位基因数为4.6个,有效等位基因平均数为3.1个。群体观察和期望杂合度均值分别为0.5902和0.5702;Nei's基因多样度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.5691和1.0966;全部单株间遗传相似系数0.1725～0.9667。说明该二代优树群体的遗传多样性较高,具有构建二代育种群体的潜力。     

The pharmacokinetical study of plant alkaloid tetrandrine with a simple HPLC method in rabbits

A simple HPLC method was developed to quantify rabbit plasma tetrandrine (Tet) with propranolol (Pro) as internal standard. Based on the established method Tet and Pro were eluted at 7.1 and 12.0 min, respectively. It was shown that the concentration-time data of Tet fit the classical two-compartment model, no matter the drug was administered intravenously or orally to rabbits. The values of AUC_0 → ∞, clearance (Cl_0 → ∞), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (t_1/2β) of Tet were 59861.149 ± 26962.196 μg/L ? min, 0.503 ± 0.173 L/min/kg, 179 ± 76.185 L/kg, and 283.808 ± 162.937 min for intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg, or 18986.217 ± 7462.308 μg/L ? min, 0.805 ± 0.267 L/min/kg, 110.284 ± 94.176 L/kg, and 732.919 ± 847.32 min for gavage administration of 10 mg/kg , respectively. The results indicate that Tet displays a limited absorption in intestinal tract, even though it has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile after oral or intravenous administration.     

不同农药对美国白蛾幼虫致死效果研究

利用8种不同类型的农药对美国白蛾3龄幼虫进行了致死效果试验。结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25%高氯.辛硫磷乳油对美国白蛾致死速度最快,在36h的致死率均达100%。48%毒死蜱乳油、5.7%高氯.氟铃脲乳油在48h的致死率也达到了100%,3.2%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了97.5%,0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了90%。而5%氟铃脲乳油和5%灭幼脲乳油在72h对美国白蛾的致死率较低,仅分别达到27.6%、42.2%。     

武汉市城市森林旅游发展面临的问题与对策

伴随着林业产业结构的调整和人民生活水平的提高,森林已经成为城市生态建设的一个重要组成部分,城市森林旅游也被越来越多的人所接受,笔者以武汉市为研究对象,分析武汉市城市森林旅游的必要性和所面临的问题,并提出武汉市发展城市森林旅游的几项策略。     

油茶壳活性炭的制备工艺研究

以油茶壳为原料,采用直接炭化和二步炭化法制备活性炭,探讨炭化温度和保温时间对活性炭产品得率、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值的影响。研究结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,直接炭化法制得的油茶壳活性炭的吸附性能呈先升后降的趋势;二步炭化法随着保温时间的延长,活性炭的吸附性能呈不断上升的趋势,在较优的工艺条件下,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值为210.0 mg.g-1和1 016.2 mg.g-1。二步炭化有利于进一步提高直接炭化的油茶壳活性炭的吸附性能,制得吸附性能良好的活性炭材料。     

日本水稻核放射性污染现状及去污措施综述

2011年3月日本福岛核电站发生核泄漏事故,释放出大量放射性物质,使周边农田受到直接污染。其中对水稻影响最为严重的放射性核素为放射性铯。分析表明:水稻对铯的吸收是存在差异的,钾肥能有效降低水稻中铯含量,而氮肥会增加其铯含量;距离福岛核电站距离越远其受污染程度越低;土壤中铯的浓度、含钾量、固定铯的能力和耕作表土的厚度都影响着铯的转移;此外,水稻本身的品种也影响着对铯的吸收。水稻去污染的方法包括:利用蓝藻除去表土中放射性铯、对土壤进行深耕及防止水田二次污染等方式来降低土壤本身铯含量;另一方面通过改变土壤粒度分布,向土壤中加入施威特曼石、沸石和蛭石及控制肥料比例等方式来抑制土壤中铯的转移。以上除污染方法的综合应用效果十分显著,福岛县水稻含铯量于2014年已全部低于25 Bq/kg。该研究为中国构建农作物放射性污染特征数据库及相关应急管理提供参考。     

稻麦轮作条件下菌渣还田对土壤剖面养分分布的影响

[目的]揭示菌渣还田提升耕地土壤质量的机理,以期为种植业固体废弃物的资源化利用提供理论依据。[方法]以成都平原稻麦轮作区为研究对象,进行为期1a的田间小区试验。共设置常规化肥(CF)、等氮量还田(T_1)、1.5倍氮量还田(T2)、2倍氮量还田(T3)和2.5倍氮量还田(T_4)5个处理;分别在水稻种植期和小麦种植期采集0—15cm,15—30cm,30—50cm土层土样,对土壤样品的全量养分进行测定。[结果](1)化肥施用或菌渣还田后,0—15cm土层养分含量显著高于15—50cm土层(p0.05);(2)不同处理下土壤养分的变化与常规施肥(CF)相比,在水稻季土壤中,T_4处理下的土壤含有较高的全氮和全钾养分含量水平,T2,T3和T4能有效提高全磷养分含量;在小麦季土壤中,T4能有效提高土壤全氮、全磷含量,全钾在不同菌渣处理条件下的含量与常规施肥相比差异不显著(p0.05);(3)T_1、T_2、T_3和T_4处理下的土壤养分含量均大致呈现出随着还田量的增加而增加的变化趋势。[结论]高量菌渣还田能有效提高土壤全氮、全钾、全磷养分含量,中量菌渣还田能有效提高全磷含量。     

Rapid Determination of Mercury in Plant and Soil Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, a Comparative Study

The objectives of this study were to simplify sample preparation and validate mercury detection in soil and plant samples using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). A set of mercury contaminated and mercury free soil and plant samples were digested and analyzed by ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS). Results show that mercury measurements in soil and plant samples using ICP-AES were in agreement with those analyzed using ICP-MS and CVAAS. The concentrations of mercury in soils and plant tissues determined by ICP-AES were 92.2% and 90.5% of those determined by CVAAS and ICP-MS, respectively. Digestion of soil samples with 4 M HNO₃ and direct measurement by ICP-AES without reduction of Hg²⁺ to Hg⁰ gave a reasonable and acceptable recovery (92%) for determining Hg in soils. We conclude that ICP-AES with optimized conditions (addition of gold chloride, extension of washing time, linear working range, and selection of wavelength – 194 nm) resulted in reliable detection of mercury in environmental samples.