Leitfaden der Schädlingsbekämpfung für Apotheker,Drogisten, Biologen und Chemiker

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Re-examination of the metabolizable energy contents of various rations containing different types and levels of bacterially fermentable substrates in digestibility experiments with growing pigs

Introduction   Feedstuffs with elevated contents of bacterially fermentable substrates (BFS: GFE 1987) offered to pigs have intermediate metabolizable energy (ME) contents compared with feedstuffs mainly composed of starch or hardly fermentable fibre (H adorn et al. 1996a,b). Consequently, BFS-elevated feeds could be used as major components enabling pig fattening rations to obtain the ME values required for feed calculation from tabulated values (DLG 1991) or equations based on nutrient composition (GFE 1996). The main field of application for BFS-elevated feeds is, however, still the feeding of adult, non-lactating sows, with the majority of investigations on fermentation characteristics also being conducted with sows. In fattening pigs a higher accuracy of estimated ME contents is required than in non-lactating sows. Furthermore, the ME values of feeds with elevated BFS contents might be systematically different in sows and fattening pigs because a still incomplete evolution of the fermentative capacity of the hindgut of growing pigs cannot be totally excluded (J entsch et al. 1990). The efficiency of hindgut bacterial protein synthesis might also be different from that being assumed from sow data (e.g. K irchgessner et al. 1989, 1994).
The objective of the present study was to determine the actual ME and BFS contents of rations varying widely in type and level of BFS in three experiments with growing pigs. By comparing these values with those calculated from equations or from tabulated values a re-examination of the currently applied feed evaluation system should be carried out. Furthermore, interactions of BFS with dietary protein reduction were investigated, since in low-protein rations fermentation efficiency might be limited by a lack of nitrogen in the hindgut (M osenthin 1987).     

我国禽用活疫苗生产SPF化势在必行

改革开放以来,随着我国畜牧业持续、健康和稳定的发展,畜产品质量与产量显著提高.据统计,2006年畜牧业总产值约1.4万亿元,占农业总产值的34%.肉、蛋、奶产量分别达到7 980、2 940和3 290万吨,比2000年分别增长58.8%、25.8%和193%,我国肉、蛋总产量已名列世界首位,奶产量跃居世界第五位.畜牧业的成就与我国畜禽疫病防治水平的提高密不可分,由于我国养殖业的生物安全管理比较差,主要靠疫苗免疫接种防控畜禽疫病.免疫接种安全、高效的疫苗是防控家禽疫病的关键,而实行禽用活疫苗的SPF化生产是保证疫苗纯净安全、有效的重要手段.……     

Important virus infections of the respiratory tract in cattle from the clinical point of view

The etiological participation of different viruses in the pneumonia complex of cattle is undisputed. The significance of the individual viruses in the genesis of disease symptoms is still mostly unclear. Since the pneumonia complex of cattle is a multifactorial syndrome, vaccination programs as the only measure of prophylaxis in most cases do not show the desired effect. Against those viral agents causing self-standing diseases of the respiratory tract, specific vaccinations are applicable with success. Prerequisite for their effectiveness, however, is the exact etiological clarification of the cause of disease or of the existing infections respectively in the herd. The frequency of possible viral agents in infections of the respiratory tract in cattle from herds of the province of Schleswig-Holstein found in routine diagnostic work during the last four years is presented in addition.