Mammalian DNA polymerase: separation of binding from incorporation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

An assay for the binding of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate with an enzyme-DNA complex has been developed. This binding requires active enzyme and magnesium ion, takes place equally with native or denatured DNA, and may proceed in the absence of demonstrable DNA synthesis. The binding reaction appears to be specific for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and studies on competition indicate that one active site accommodates the four common triphosphates.     

Cyanobacteria from Terrestrial and Marine Sources Contain Apoptogens Able to Overcome Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

In this study, we investigated forty cyanobacterial isolates from biofilms, gastropods, brackish water and symbiotic lichen habitats. Their aqueous and organic extracts were used to screen for apoptosis-inducing activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells. A total of 28 extracts showed cytotoxicity against rat acute myeloid leukemia (IPC-81) cells. The design of the screen made it possible to eliminate known toxins, such as microcystins and nodularin, or known metabolites with anti-leukemic activity, such as adenosine and its analogs. A cytotoxicity test on human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) fibroblasts indicated that 21 of the 28 extracts containing anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) activity showed selectivity in favor of leukemia cells. Extracts L26-O and L30-O were able to partly overcome the chemotherapy resistance induced by the oncogenic protein Bcl-2, whereas extract L1-O overcame protection from the deletion of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In conclusion, cyanobacteria are a prolific resource for anti-leukemia compounds that have potential for pharmaceutical applications. Based on the variety of cellular responses, we also conclude that the different anti-leukemic compounds in the cyanobacterial extracts target different elements of the death machinery of mammalian cells.     

陕西三种类型土壤剖面硝酸盐累积、分布与土壤质地的关系

研究了陕北黄绵土,关中土与陕南水稻土土壤剖面中硝酸盐的分布与累积,分析了硝酸盐淋移与土壤剖面粘粒含量的关系。结果表明,黄绵土由于粘粒含量少,土壤疏松,氮肥施入土壤后硝化作用速度快,氮素多以硝态氮存在于土壤中,遇到过量的灌溉或降水,容易引起硝酸盐淋失。在米脂的川道地,施肥2个月后,硝酸盐峰值在50cm左右,4个多月后,峰值下移至100cm左右,6个月后,该峰值下降到130cm左右,一年内,硝酸盐的峰值已经消失,分布在130至350cm之间。因此,在黄绵土地区可以灌溉的川道地,氮素损失的主要途径是硝酸盐淋失。关中土,粘粒含量相对较高,硝化作用速度快,但由于在80120cm有一粘化层,阻碍了水分与硝酸盐的向下淋移,使得大部分硝酸盐累积在0100cm土层,其累积量占到0400cm总累积量的64%～74%,而200400cm仅占到7%～13%。而且淋移到100cm以下的硝酸盐,也通过反硝化损失了。陕南水稻土,由于深层土壤水饱和,硝酸盐难以向下淋移,氮素主要累积在土壤表层。由于下层土壤长期处于厌气条件,即使淋移到下层的硝酸盐也通过反硝化作用而损失掉了。     

黄土性土壤剖面中N2O排放的研究初报

用田间原位土壤探头测定法和乙炔抑制未扰动土柱法 ,对黄土性土壤N2 O的排放进行了研究。试验结果表明 ,黄土性土壤N2 O的排放量存在着明显的季节和空间变异。季节变化与田间水分因子密切相关 ,N2 O高峰常出现在灌水 (降水 ) 3天后 ,施肥处理和对照的趋势完全一致。全年中八月份各土层N2 O浓度最高 ;在最高峰值时 ,施肥处理的N2 O浓度几乎是对照处理的 2 .5倍。土壤剖面中N2 O的浓度的顺序是 1 0cm <30cm <1 50cm <90cm <60cm ,以 60～90cm土层最高。影响黄土性土壤反硝化的主要因子是作为微生物能源和碳源的有机物质 ,在碳源充足时 ,土壤的硝态氮含量和水分因子是限制因子。     

The prevalence of oral ulceration in Swedish horses when ridden with bit and bridle and when unridden

Oral soft tissue ulcers are common disorders of horses, but it is unclear if their prevalence is increased by riding horses with a bit and bridle. Oral examinations were performed on 113 horses and ponies, all which had received routine dental floating, that were divided into four groups depending on when they had last been ridden with a bit and bridle. The subjects comprised: group 1, a randomly selected population of ridden horses; group 2, a group of horses examined after being rested at pasture for 5 weeks; group 3, the previous group following 7 weeks of riding with a bit and bridle, and group 4, brood mares that had not been ridden for at least 11 months. Lip and intraoral soft tissue lesions were recorded at seven pre-determined locations, with lesions classified as large or small; acute or chronic.The examinations showed that horses that were currently being ridden with a bit and bridle had a significantly higher prevalence of large and acute buccal ulcers opposite the maxillary Triadan 06 teeth and of the commissures of the lips, as compared to horses that were not being currently ridden. It was concluded that using a bit and bridle can cause oral ulceration even in horses that have regular prophylactic dental floating. It is suggested that riding tack should be individually fitted for each horse and also that prophylactic dental treatments should be individually adapted for each horse.     

Experimental infection with Escherichia coli O149:F4ac in weaned piglets

The outcome of experimental intestinal infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is dependent on several factors. An important factor is adhesion of the challenge strain to the intestinal mucosa. The test for susceptibility towards ETEC adhesion has so far been made by an intestinal adhesion test made after slaughter of piglets. However, in an experimental infection study with the purpose to obtain diarrhoeic piglets, it would be an advantage to test for susceptibility prior to experimentation. The Mucin 4 gene on porcine chromosome 13 has been proposed as a candidate gene for the production of the specific ETEC F4ab/ac receptor, and a DNA marker-based test has been developed to allow genotyping for ETEC F4ab/ac resistance/susceptibility [J?rgensen, C.B., Cirera, S., Archibald, A.L., Anderson, L., Fredholm, M., Edfors-Lilja, I., 2004. Porcine polymorphisms and methods for detecting them. International application published under the patent cooperation treaty (PCT). PCT/DK2003/000807 or WO2004/048606-A2]. The aim of this study was to test an experimental model for ETEC O149:F4ac-induced diarrhoea in piglets, selected for susceptibility towards ETEC O149:F4ac adhesion prior to experimentation using a DNA marker-based test. Sixty-two healthy 25-32 days old recently weaned Danish crossbred piglets were used. All piglets were tested prior to experimentation for susceptibility or resistance towards ETEC O149:F4ac adhesion. Thirty-nine piglets, both susceptible and resistant, were oro-gastric intubated with 10(9)CFU of ETEC O149:F4ac and 23 age-matched piglets, both susceptible and resistant, were used as non-infected controls. Of susceptible piglets, challenged with ETEC O149:F4ac, 74% had ETEC O149:F4ac-associated diarrhoea first day after first challenge, which were significantly higher relatively to the resistant and challenged piglets where 20% had diarrhoea (p=0.04). This study suggests a model for experimental ETEC induced diarrhoea.     

Neuroepithelial tumor of the retina in a dog

Animal studied At routine vaccination a tumor in the right eye of a Golden Retriever was diagnosed. Procedure The eye was enucleated, fixed in formalin and processed according to routine paraffin technique. Standard histologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings were applied. Formalin‐fixed tissue was used for electron microscopic examination. Results The tumor originated from the retina and was composed of two different morphologic parts, a retinoblastoma‐like part of small neuroepithelial cells and a medulloepithelioma‐like part of columnar cells arranged in cords. Discussion and conclusion It is discussed whether the tumor had its origin in different clones or in one clone, and it is suggested that the double differentiation might be the result of a transformation of retinal cells, demasking stem cell‐like potentials.     

Veterinary-care events and costs over a 5-year follow-up period for warmblooded riding horses with or without previously recorded locomotor problems in Sweden

Our objective was to determine the amount, type and cost of veterinary care during a 5-year follow-up period, in Swedish warmblooded riding horses with and without locomotor problems as recorded in 1997. The study population comprised horses with complete insurance both for veterinary care and life during 1997. The horses were followed from the beginning of January 1998 to the end of December 2002. The exposed cohort was composed of 1558 horses that had experienced >or=1 veterinary-care event because of locomotor problems in 1997 (LP-cohort). The exposure-negative (LN) cohort was composed of 16,513 horses that had no recorded locomotor problem during 1997. For the outcome of locomotor problems during the follow-up period, stratified incidence proportions and a repeated-measures multivariable-logistic regression model in general produced the same conclusions. An interaction between year and cohort showed larger odds ratios (ORs) in the first year of follow-up compared to later (OR 4.8 and 1.2 in the LP- and LN-cohort, respectively), but a smaller difference during the subsequent years (in the 5th year OR 1.8 and 1.0, respectively). Horses with life-insurance values of >30,000 SEK in the LP- and LN-cohorts had ORs of 4.7 (99% CI 3.9, 5.6) and 2.6 (99% CI 2.3, 2.9), respectively. For life-insurance values of 相似文献