Clostridial myonecrosis,haemolytic anaemia,hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after intramuscular injection in a Thoroughbred gelding

A 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for swelling over the left neck and inappetence. There was recent history of intramuscular administration of flunixin meglumine into the left neck. On examination, there was evidence of focal myositis, anaemia, haemolysis and pigmenturia. Culture of aspirated fluid from the left side of the neck produced a heavy growth of a Clostridium species. Complications of infection included haemolytic anaemia, hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs, blood transfusion and surgical debridement. There was complete resolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and the horse returned to ridden work. This report highlights the complications that can arise from clostridial myonecrosis, including the effect on the myocardium.     

Long-lasting prevention against blowfly strike using the insect growth regulator dicyclanil

OBJECTIVE: To assess a ready-to-use formulation of dicyclanil to prevent blowfly strike on Merino sheep under Australian conditions. DESIGN: Randomised clinical trials conducted in an environment house and in the field. PROCEDURE: Two environment house trials were used to measure the protection against flystrike provide by a jetting or a ready-to-use 5% spray-on formulation of dicyclanil over 22 and 31 weeks respectively. Oviposition and strikes were recorded weekly for each sheep. In two field trials the occurrence of strike in Merino sheep treated off-shears or in long wool with dicyclanil or with cyromazine was compared for up to 38 weeks after treatment. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the cumulative percentage of sheep struck. RESULTS: Under environment house conditions, sheep jetted with dicyclanil at 1.50, 0.75 and 0.30 g per sheep developed 0, 8 and 9 strikes respectively during the 22 weeks of the trial, whereas there were 358 strikes present in the placebo group. Sheep sprayed with dicyclanil at 2.25, 1.50 and 0.75 g per sheep developed 5, 11 and 29 strikes respectively between weeks 15 and 31 after treatment, whereas there were 185 strikes present in the untreated controls. In field trials the cumulative percentage of sheep struck reached 1% between weeks 12 to 13 after sheep had been treated with cyromazine. Sheep treated with dicyclanil reached the 1% limit at week 21 after treatment. CONCLUSION: Under Australian field conditions, a ready-to-use 5% spray-on formulation of dicyclanil applied off-shears or to long wool protected Merino sheep from blowfly strike for a period of at least 20 weeks.     

A test method based on microscopic assessments to determine curative and protectant fungicide properties against Septoria tritici

Glasshouse experiments to test the activity of commercial fungicides against Septoria tritici were carried out under controlled conditions. In addition to the parameter, % necrotic leaf area (NEC), used to estimate the pathogen-induced leaf damage, the number of pycnidia per leaf (PYC) was determined to quantify the pathogen itself. Curative fungicide treatments were applied 100–210 day degrees after inoculation. A high curative activity was achieved up to 170 day degrees after inoculation, whereas the treatments at 200–205 day degrees were less effective. The best curative activity was observed for epoxiconazole-based treatments, followed by slightly less active azoles in the ranking tebuconazole, cyproconazole, prochloraz and flusilazole. Greater differences between the fungicides were observed for the protectant fungicide properties, which were tested 50–350 day degrees prior to inoculation. The best persistency was observed for epoxiconazole, whereas tebuconazole, cyprocoazole, prochloraz and flusilazole showed declining activity with this ranking. Combinations of triazoles with the active ingredients kresoxim-methyl and chlorothalonil, which are known to inhibit spore germination, significantly improved the longevity of the remaining green leaf area in comparison with disease-free treatments with triazoles alone. The results obtained under glasshous conditions were compared with field studies on S. tritici development after treatments with tebuconazole to place the results in context. The comparison of the assessment parameter PYC and NEC between glasshouse and field trial showed that curative and protectant fungicide properties based on microscopic assessments of PYC in the glasshouse correlated well with results from field trials.     

管碟法测定生物效价影响因素的探讨及改进

《中国兽药典》（2005年版）收载的兽用抗生素药品效价的微生物检定包括两种方法,即管碟法和浊度法。目前多数使用者仍以管碟法为主。管碟法作为抗生素效价测定的经典方法,具有它的优点,但此方法操作步骤复杂,试验影响因素多,需要从每个环节严格控制,才能得到与真值更为接近的结果。笔者结合日常工作实践,对管碟法测定抗生素生物效价过程中的多种影响因素进行探讨及改进,使测定条件得到了较好的控制,有利于提高效价测定结果的精密度和准确度。     

解读兽用生物制品注册与管理新要求

2004年国务院发布新的《兽药管理条例》,农业部针对兽药研究、注册、技术评审和行政审批等出台了《兽药注册办法》（44号令）、《新兽药研制管理办法》（55号令）、442号公告、446号公告、449号公告、683号公告、《兽药审评专家管理办法》及《兽药注册审评工作程序》等一系列配套管理规章,对兽药注册、技术审评、行政审批、专家管理、公开办事程序起到良好的指导与规范作用,使新兽药的研制、注册、生产与使用都迈上了一个新台阶。但是,就注册技术资料申报要求而言,国内外注册申请人提供的兽用生物制品注册申报资料还不能令人满意,许多申请资料很不完全,