Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

Immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (HuN4 strain) with or without the immunization with CH-1R attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The result showed that in comparison with the piglets received the immunization, the piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone had the thymus atrophy, decreased serum levels of IL-4 and increased serum levels of IL-10 and INF-γ. These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.     

烟草气候斑病的发生规律及防治

１９９０－１９９４年研究结果表明，低温是诱发气候斑病的主要因素，不同品种抗性差异显著，氮钾比失调，偏施碳铵地发病严重，当大面积种植感病品种，寄主处于感病阶段，遇气温突然下降和多雨时，最易流行。在防治上，采取以农业防治为主、化学辅的有效措施。     

我国植物青枯菌的生化型和其他生理差异

作者比较研究了采自我国13个省(市、区)14种寄主植物上的80个青枯菌株对3种双糖和3种已醇的作用,并对其中44个有代表性的菌株进行了各种生理和生化特性测定,结果表明我国存在有4种生化型。大部分菌株属生化型Ⅲ和Ⅳ,其分布地区和寄主范围都相当广泛,是我国占优势的生化型。生化型Ⅱ主要分布在马铃薯上,同时在番茄上也有发现。桑菌株绝大部分属生化型Ⅴ,也发现有属于生化型Ⅲ的。有一马铃薯菌株 Po10除能使3种双糖产酸外,还能使甜醇产酸,但它的其他特性与生化型Ⅱ相同,因此把它当作生化型Ⅱ的一个亚型,定为生化型Ⅱ—1。生化型Ⅲ的青枯菌株在氧化海藻糖和肌醇方面、在脱氮作用和耐盐性方面,有明显生理分化。除生化型Ⅱ的菌株外,属生化型Ⅴ的桑菌株和生化型Ⅲ中的龙葵菌株亦适宜于27℃下生长。青枯菌引起含脂石蕊牛奶的酸碱反应似与细菌对乳糖的氧化产酸能力有关,亚洲变种的命名似不能成立。     

38%氟磺胺·咪乙烟·异噁松微乳剂高效液相色谱分析方法

本文建立了在同一液相色谱操作条件下测定混配制剂中氟磺胺草醚、咪唑乙烟酸和异噁草松含量的方法。本方法采用ZORBAXC18不锈钢柱,以甲醇 乙腈 水(pH=3)为流动相．在检测波长205nm下．外标法对试样中的氟磺胺草醚、咪唑乙烟酸和异噁草松进行定量分析。分析结果表明氟磺胺草醚、咪唑乙烟酸和异噁草松的线性相关系数分别为1．00000、0．99999、0．99999;标准偏差分别为0．075、0．033、0．168;变异系数分别为0．466％、0．819％、0．690％;平均回收率分别为100．54％、101.30％、101．08％。     

我国马铃薯帚顶病毒的分子检测

<正>马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,在生长过程中易受多种病毒侵染,其中马铃薯帚顶病毒(potato mop-top virus,PMTV)致病性强、危害严重,被我国列入进境植物检疫禁止进境物名录。该病毒于1966年在爱尔兰和北苏格兰被首次发现(CalvertHarriso,1966),随后扩散蔓延到世界诸多马铃薯主产区。感染该病毒的植株主要表现为帚顶,上部叶片出现褪绿V型环纹,基部叶片出现不规则黄色斑块、环纹和     

玉米苗期杂草的计算机识别技术研究

利用计算机视觉技术和人工神经网络技术对识别玉米苗期田间杂草进行了研究。首先利用类间方差最大自动阈值法二值化杂草图像的超绿特征,再进行连续腐蚀与膨胀,然后根据长宽比、圆度、第一不变矩3个形状特征由BP网络识别出玉米幼苗,最后利用种子填充法从阈值分割结果中擦除玉米目标,剩余的就是杂草目标。研究表明,基于BP网络的杂草识别算法对玉米幼苗与杂草的正确识别率分别为87.5%和93.0%,处理一幅640×480像素的杂草图像平均耗时约为58 ms。     

小麦白粉病菌有性阶段生物学特性研究初报

 小麦白粉病菌形成子囊孢子的必要条件之一是闭囊壳保持湿润。子囊孢子形成的温度范围为1~27℃,最适为11~15℃,紫外光、散光及黑暗无影响;酸碱度范围为pH3.2~9.2,以pH5.0~7.0最适。子囊孢子萌发的温度范围为1~36℃,最适为11~20℃;湿度范围为0~100%,以在水面及100%湿度时最高;黑暗及散光无影响;酸碱度范围为pH2.2~12.4,以pH5.0~8.0为最适。温度愈高、湿度愈大,病叶上的闭囊壳寿命则愈短。