3种木本植物对NaHCO_3胁迫生理响应的比较

对不同耐盐性的3种木本植物华北卫矛、金银忍冬和红皮云杉在NaHCO3胁迫下的相对生物量、游离脯氨酸质量摩尔浓度,以及叶绿素、Na+、K+质量分数和Na+/K+等生理指标进行了比较研究。结果表明,随着胁迫强度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,NaHCO3对3种木本植物生长的影响逐渐增加;Na+、K+等无机离子是金银忍冬主要的渗透调节物质,而华北卫矛和红皮云杉的渗透调节物质则主要为游离脯氨酸;叶绿素质量分数随胁迫强度的增加先升后降,变化幅度依次为红皮云杉华北卫矛金银忍冬;3种植物耐盐碱胁迫能力由强至弱依次为金银忍冬、华北卫矛和红皮云杉。     

利用ISSR揭示不同类型月季遗传多样性

本研究应用正交设计法对ISSR反应体系中的各个主要影响因子进行了优化筛选,确立了适合月季ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系。结果表明,25μL的ISSR反应体系中各组分的最适浓度分别为：1×PCR缓冲液、1U Taq DNA聚合酶、800pmol／L 引物、0.16mmol／L dNTPs、Mg^2＋ 1.5mmol／L。筛选了33个ISSR引物,共得到了11个多态性比较高的ISSR引物,占所筛引物的33.33％。利用筛选出的11条ISSR引物对3种月季类型的23份月季材料进行遗传多样性分析,共扩增出477条DNA带,其中多态性位点有14个,平均每条引物可以检测到4.5个多态性位点。用NTSYS软件对样品进行了UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果表明丰花月季基本能聚为一类,切花月季与藤本月季交叉聚在一起。这表明月季种质的遗传差异与其应用分类的相关性不紧密。     

三种土壤微生物总DNA提取方法的比较

本文对3种常用的土壤微生物总DNA提取方法Martin法、高盐改进法及试剂盒法进行了比较,并通过DNA得率、纯度及16S rDNA V3可变区的PCR扩增结合DGGE法（denatumg gradient gel electrophoresis）,分别对3种方法进行评价。结果表明,3种方法提取的DNA均能满足土壤微生物多样性分析的要求。其中试剂盒方法操作简单,提取的DNA质量较高,但DNA得率较低且成本昂贵。Martin法和高盐改进法用时较长,DNA得率较高,纯度较低,但对后续PCR扩增和DGGE分析没有明显影响,且成本低廉。     

Effect of Assessment Scale on Spatial and Temporal Variations in CH4, CO2, and N2O Fluxes in a Forested Wetland

Emissions of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from a forested watershed (160 ha) in South Carolina, USA, were estimated with a spatially explicit watershed-scale modeling framework that utilizes the spatial variations in physical and biogeochemical characteristics across watersheds. The target watershed (WS80) consisting of wetland (23%) and upland (77%) was divided into 675 grid cells, and each of the cells had unique combination of vegetation, hydrology, soil properties, and topography. Driven by local climate, topography, soil, and vegetation conditions, MIKE SHE was used to generate daily flows as well as water table depth for each grid cell across the watershed. Forest-DNDC was then run for each cell to calculate its biogeochemistry including daily fluxes of the three greenhouse gases (GHGs). The simulated daily average CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O flux from the watershed were 17.9 mg C, 1.3 g C and 0.7 mg N m⁻², respectively, during the period from 2003–2007. The average contributions of the wetlands to the CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O emissions were about 95%, 20% and 18%, respectively. The spatial and temporal variation in the modeled CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were large, and closely related to hydrological conditions. To understand the impact of spatial heterogeneity in physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the target watershed on GHG emissions, we used Forest-DNDC in a coarse mode (field scale), in which the entire watershed was set as a single simulated unit, where all hydrological, biogeochemical, and biophysical conditions were considered uniform. The results from the field-scale model differed from those modeled with the watershed-scale model which considered the spatial differences in physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the catchment. This contrast demonstrates that the spatially averaged topographic or biophysical conditions which are inherent with field-scale simulations could mask “hot spots” or small source areas with inherently high GHGs flux rates. The spatial resolution in conjunction with coupled hydrological and biogeochemical models could play a crucial role in reducing uncertainty of modeled GHG emissions from wetland-involved watersheds.     

黄河三角洲不同土地利用方式对土壤的改良效应

通过对黄河三角洲地区棉田、果园、林地和荒地4种不同土地利用方式下土壤样品的采集与理化指标的分析,研究了该区域不同土地利用方式对轻度盐渍化土壤的改良功能。结果显示:果园土壤的容重、pH值和全盐含量等物理性状要优于其它3种用地方式;棉田土壤有机质与全N、全P和全K含量超过果园与林地土壤,而速效N和速效P含量以果园土壤最高,速效K含量以棉田最高,果园土壤最低;果园土壤C/N比值明显高于其它3种用地方式,以荒地土壤的C/N比值最低。综合分析认为:种植果树对土壤的物理性状改良效果较好,种植棉花对土壤的化学性状具有较好的改良效果。     

小径木白桦锯材干燥质量的影响因素分析

通过对小径木白桦锯材进行常规干燥试验,检测了锯材干燥后的可见干燥缺陷,分析了影响小径木锯材干燥质量的因素.考察的因素包括:小径木的木材性质、加热方式、径弦材类型、锯材在干燥室中的位置及锯材的加工尺寸误差.研究结果表明,小径木材质差、变异性大是锯材在干燥过程中容易发生弯曲、变形的根本原因;加热方式是影响锯材干燥质量的重要因素;径弦材类型、锯材在干燥室中的位置及锯材的尺寸误差对锯材的干燥质量也有一定影响.根据分析的结果提出了提高小径木锯材干燥质量的措施.     

大豆种间杂交新品种龙小粒豆一号的选育

龙小粒豆一号(原代号龙品9777)是由黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所采用大豆优良品种与野生大豆种间杂交选育出的特用极小粒大豆新品种，主要特点是熟期早、产量高；秆强抗倒伏、不炸荚；粒径5．5mm通过率90％以上；可溶糖含量高、化学品质好，符合日本制纳豆、韩国做豆芽对原料的品质要求。并总结了特用小粒大豆品种选育经验。     

基于SWAT模型的半城子水库流域径流模拟

该文应用分布式水文模型(SWAT模型)对半城子水库流域的径流状况进行模拟研究,并重点探讨森林植被变化对水文生态响应的影响。对半城子水库流域1990—1999年期间年、月径流进行模拟,以月径流模拟的效率系数、相对误差和相关系数3个指标为标准,对模型的敏感参数进行率定,并对2000—2006年的月径流进行验证模拟。结果表明,该模型适用于半城子水库流域的径流模拟,且精度较高。然后基于SWAT模型的模拟分析结果,应用GIS的空间分析功能,分析了半城子水库流域在1990、1995、2000和2005年的径流分布以及不同土地利用类型对水文响应影响的贡献。结果表明,降雨和土地利用变化对径流产生了较大的影响。降雨较多的月份,产生的径流也较大;降雨较少的月份,产生的径流也较小。土地利用的变化主要表现在灌木林和针叶林面积的减少和阔叶林面积的增加,相应的水文变化表现为径流量的减少。其中,针叶林和针阔混交林产生的径流量最大。     

热压工艺参数对刨花板VOCs释放的影响

该文以室内装修常用的落叶松刨花板为研究对象,采用人造板有机挥发气体采样装置、手持式VOCs气体检测仪、气相色谱-质谱仪,对不同热压温度和热压时间工艺条件下的刨花板释放的有机挥发物含量和成分进行测定。结果表明:热压温度和热压时间对刨花板有机挥发物的释放量和释放速率影响显著。热压温度升高、热压时间延长都会使刨花板有机挥发物的释放量增加,初始释放浓度上升,释放速率增大;有机挥发物中芳香族化合物种类增多,萜烯类相对含量下降,酯类化合物种类和相对含量变化较小。      

Study on in vitro Cultural Behaviors of Spermatogonium Stem Cells of New Born Calves

Three methods were adopted in culture spermatogoniums of newly born calf in vitro,such as enzymatic digestion and percoll density gradient centrifugation（MethodⅠ）,tubular fragments culture（MethodⅡ）and tissue culture（MethodⅢ）,and cultural behaviors of cells were observed.The results showed that typical spermatogonium colonies appeard at 144 h of culture by enzymatic digestion-percoll density gradient centrifugation method and tubular fragments culture method,2.5%FBS kept the characteristics of spermatogonium stem cell better than others,produced more mass clones,and FBS of more than 2.5%concentration benefited spermatogonium differentiation and the number of colonies was significantly affected by FBS concentration.After 1 week of culture in method Ⅲ,the diameter of lumens and quantity of sertoli’s cells in tubal wall increased obviously,lumen of seminiferous tubules appeared.Sertoli’s cells kept constant and the number of spermatogoniums decreased obviously after 2 weeks of culture.