药用植物太子参化学成分研究进展

药用植物太子参含有多种生物活性成分,如糖类、环肽类、微量元素、皂苷类、挥发油类、油脂类、氨基酸类、脂肪酸类、磷脂类和甾醇类,近年来这些活性成分已引起国内外的广泛关注。对太子参化学成分的种类和药用价值,尤其对影响其成分的环境因素等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对研究中存在的问题及今后的重点研究方向进行展望,以期为更好地开发利用太子参药用资源提供参考。     

单木生长的视景仿真模型

采用文法构图法来建立树木形体的计算机模型.介绍了DOL-system文法规则与其表达的形态模式间的关系.指出了L-system在用于描述树木的形态结构和生长增值过程时的不足,本文对此做了较大的改进,并在此基础上提出一个新的文法即Tree-DOL文法,同时给出了由链语言(拓扑树)的产生,到树木的三维几何模型的建立等一系列算法,从而可以利用计算机对树木的形态结构及其生长变化过程进行视景仿真.     

加拿大进境油菜籽茎基溃疡病菌的检测与鉴定

从加拿大进境油菜籽中随机选取船载油菜籽样品,通过特异引物的PCR扩增检测和病原菌分离鉴定,观察了油菜茎基溃疡病菌Leptosphaeria maculans的发生情况.结果表明:所有来自3艘轮船的15份油菜籽样品的油菜茎基溃疡病菌PCR检测都呈阳性;随机选择的3份阳性样品的病原菌分离、鉴定与致病性测试结果证实了PCR的...     

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars for resistance to Fusarium head blight

To identify excellent cultivars resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 104 wheat cultivars were tested by single-flower inoculation using two prevalent pathogens from 2018 to 2020. Agronomic traits were also investigated. Six FHB-resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, Fhb5, Fhb7 and Qfhb.crc-2D, have been assessed using previously reported DNA markers. A diagnostic marker has been used for Fhb1, and indicative markers linked to the other QTL were used. Results showed that (i) 12 (11.5%) cultivars were resistant to two pathogens in 3 years; among them, ‘Shengxuan 6’, ‘Wanhongbian 759’, ‘Yunong 903’ and ‘Yunong 901’ had good agronomic traits. (ii) Among cultivars with one resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars carrying Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc-2D were 2.2 and 2.8, respectively, whereas those of cultivars with Fhb2 or Fhb7 were 3.6. Among cultivars with two resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars with Fhb1 + Fhb4, Fhb1 + Fhb7 and Fhb4 + Fhb5 were 2.2, 3.0 and 3.6, respectively. The severity of five cultivars possessing three or four resistance QTL was below 2.5. Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc-2D showed better resistance effects than other resistance QTL.     

哈密瓜花叶病流行的研究

本项工作从褐飞虱各发育阶段的发育速度、存活率及繁殖力等方面系统地研究温度与褐飞虱种群数量变动的关系。实验种群观察结果表明:在28℃条件下,其未成熟期的历期最短(20.7天)、存活率最高(81.91%)、产卵量最大(705.4粒/头)。组建了五种温度条件下的褐飞虱实验种群年龄特征生命表,并计算其内禀增长能力。在22～32℃范围内,实验种群的内禀增长能力呈抛物线趋势,据二次方程计算结果表明,理论上在26.12℃时其周限增长速率最大,λ=1.1988/日;27℃时λ=1.1955/日。通过后季稻田间虫量及小气候温度系统观测证实,褐飞虱理论最适温度和后季稻褐飞虱自然种群猖獗发生的日均温27℃、28℃的气温条件是一致的。据此提出以褐飞虱发生期内适温日(日均温27℃、28℃)出现多少作为年度间后季稻褐飞虱发生程度的温度指标的讨论意见。     

鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹敲击振动功率谱信号特征参数筛选和分析

运用自行研制的禽蛋裂纹检测装置,可以采集并分析敲击鸡蛋产生的响应信号,检测裂纹蛋。提取敲击响应信号功率谱的10个特征参数,并采用逐步回归法和遗传算法进行优化和筛选,以期选取更有效的特征参数,提高模型检测精度。结果表明,遗传算法筛选结果明显优于逐步回归法。当采用遗传算法筛选的4个特征参数(功率谱信号的第1共振峰对应的频率点、第1共振峰的功率谱与其前4个频率功率谱的方差、前3个共振峰功率谱方差、中低频段功率谱能量比)作为判别模型的输入向量,模型能取得最优结果,预测集判别率可达到97.2%。     

蒸汽喷射对内燃机热力循环的影响与分析

主要阐述内燃机蒸汽喷射节能的机理，从理论上分析了喷入过热水蒸气后的燃烧过程中，水蒸气的化学离解作用、抑制爆震作用和提高内燃机热效率的依据。     

甜菜根腐病病原分离方法研究

通过采用诱导分离法和常规组织分离法 对甜菜根腐病病原研究结果证明，诱导法更有利于对Phytophthora、Pythium等可产生游动孢子的病原菌的分离。     

Role of angiotensin II and angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells migration

AIM:To determine the effects of Angiotensin II(AngII) on migration of rat smooth muscle cells and to investigate the mechanisms underlying Ang II action in the development of injured vascular disease. METHODS:VSMCs isolated from aortic media of Wistar rats and cultured by the modified explant method were adopted. In prersence and absence of AngII, the expression of AngII receptor and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of VSMCs were studied by immunocytochemistry technique, fluorocytochemistry technique. The migration assays were performed by a modified Boyden's chamber. And the effects of AT₁R antagonist (CV-11974), AT₂R antagonist (PD123319) on aforementioned target were studied.RESULTS:VSMCs migration was stimulated by addition of AngII. The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton may be an important mechanism by which AngII facilitates VSMC motility. The expression of AT₁R in VSMCs can be upregulated after treatment with AngII initially, then decreased gradually. The expression of AT₁R was downregulated by AT₁R antagonist. The effect of AngII on VSMCs migration was mediated by AT₁R, while AT₂R had no significant effect.CONCLUSION:The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is required for AngII-induced VSMC migration, and this effect is mediated by AT₁R .     

单季晚稻武运粳7号超高产的群体结构

为明确12.00 t·hm-2超高产群体结构,以提高超高产的重演率,本试验采用不同密度和肥料处理,使小区产量产生9.00～12.00 t·hm-2的变异,研究了单季晚粳稻武运粳7号不同产量水平的群体结构.结果表明,颖花量大、高效叶面积大、高粒叶比以及高生物产量,尤其是灌浆结实期干物质积累量的明显优势是超高产群体的最显著特征.与高、中产群体相比,12.00 t·hm-2超高产群体的指标主要为:穗数300～315万穗·hm-2,成穗率大于65%,颖花量47 625万朵·hm-2左右,每穗实粒数131粒左右,最大适宜叶面积指数7.2左右,灌浆结实期叶面积指数下降速率平均每天小于等于0.062,高效叶面积占有效叶面积比大于等于61.9%,粒叶比值大于等于0.66粒·cm-2,灌浆结实期干物质积累量大于9.00 t·hm-2,占产量的75%以上.