近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用

近红外光谱（Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy,简称NIRS）分析技术是20世纪70年代发展起来的一项高效、快速的现代分析技术,它综合运用了计算机技术、光谱技术和化学计量学等多个学科的最新研究成果,以其独特的优点在多个领域特别是农业领域得到广泛的应用。随着计算机技术和化学计量学的应用,     

Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels

The objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB₁) on growth performance, organs, hepatic enzyme activities, apparent digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activities in ducks. Ninety 1-day-old Cherry Valley commercial ducks were designed to three treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. Group I (control) was fed conventional feed free of AFB₁, group II or III was fed the diets containing 20 μg/kg or 40 μg/kg AFB₁-contaminated rice respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks. The results were that decreased body weight gain and feed intake, increased feed to gain ratio and selected organ weights (liver, kidney and pancreas) were observed in AFB₁-treated groups. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in AFB₁-contamined groups. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was significantly lower while activities of digestive enzyme from duodenum contents including protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase were increased in AFB₁-treated group. These results indicated that AFB₁ of feed could decrease growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients, change digestive enzyme activities of duodenum contents in duck.     

小肽的功能及其在仔猪生产中的应用

小肽是蛋白质在猪消化道内降解的一种中间产物,具有重要的作用。本文就小肽的分类和吸收机制、小肽的功能及在仔猪生产中的应用作一综述,并提出了未来相关的研究方向。     

Distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum

Fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in Korea. Due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype Gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by PCR and direct sequencing, respectively. Out of 90 strains, 35 (39%) carried class 1 integrons. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0kbp amplicons were amplified in 32 strains (36%), 2 strains (2%) and 1 strain (1%), respectively. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 kbp amplicons contained one (aadA1a), two (aadB-aadA1b) and three cassettes (dhfrXII-orfF-aadA2), respectively, providing resistances against aminoglycosides (aadA1a, aadA1b, aadB, and aadA2) and trimethoprim (dhfrXII). The integron-carrying strains of biotype Gallinarum appeared in 1996 and acquired additional cassettes in 2000. Although the resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol are unrelated to class 1 integrons, relatively high prevalence of integron in biotype Gallinarum may be a dormant threat to the chemotherapy of the disease in the near future because of potency to acquire additional antibiotics resistances.     

Dot-ELISA检测猪胴体中沙门氏菌的研究

应用Dot-ELISA法对西宁某猪屠宰点 85份猪胴体进行了沙门氏菌的检测 ,同时采用常规分离培养鉴定技术作对照实验。结果在 85份肉样中 ,Dot-ELISA检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 5份 ,阳性率为 76 .4 7% (6 5 /85 ) ;而常规分离培养鉴定技术检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 7份 ,阳性率为 78.82 % (6 7/85 ) ,此两种方法的阳性符合率为 86 .5 7%。经统计分析 ,两种方法差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

Genotypic prevalence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence in Escherichia coli isolates in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea in Korea

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1), and Shiga toxin 2 oedema disease (Stx2e) genes. Twenty-three (2.3%) of the 1002 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Among 23 isolates shown to carry genes for AIDA, three carried the AIDA gene as the only shown virulence factor. Other isolates carried other virulence factor genes in addition to AIDA. Four isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Sixteen isolates carried genes for enterotoxins only. The AIDA may represent an additional virulence determinant in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea.     

修剪高度对季节性温度变化下早熟禾生理生态特性的影响

修剪高度的差异会影响冷季型草坪草的生长,探究合理的修剪高度可为草坪草可持续利用提供理论基础。本研究通过测定两年生长季（2012年和2013年）草地早熟禾（8年生）草坪的外观质量（TQ）、地上部分生物量（AB）、光合作用（Pn）、总呼吸作用（R_total）和碳水化合物（TNC）等指标,探讨了修剪高度对冷季型草坪草生理生态特性的影响。试验结果表明,当大气温度高于23~24℃时,不同修剪高度7.6 cm （高修剪高度,HM）和3.8 cm （低修剪高度,LM）下的早熟禾TQ、AB和Pn均降低,与HM相比,在LM下下降更显著。在7—9月的高温条件下,早熟禾地上部分、根系和土壤R高于Pn;但在美国新泽西州较冷的季节（5—6月） Pn高于R。研究表明,较低的修剪高度尤其是在高温条件下降低了草坪草Pn,季节性温度变化下可以通过改变修剪高度影响成熟草坪草的生长,从而缓解高温对草坪生长带来的不利影响。     

用PEG“引发”沙打旺种子活力及抗逆性的研究

应用ＰＥＧ“引发”沙打旺种子，能提高发芽率，增强发芽势，缩短发芽成苗时间。可以在北方半干旱地区充分有效地利用早春降雨。还可以提高幼苗的抗逆性，增强对早春寒的低卸能力，并探讨了ＰＥＧ渗透调控的机理和不同时间处理增强发芽势的效果。     

An Example of Yak Paternity Assignment by Microsatellite Genotyping

12 cattle microsatellite DNA markers were used for establishing the paternity of 4 Datong Yak calves.The results indicated that paternity can be assigned by use of exclusion method directely when the mother is clearly known and data of all likely sires were obtained. The more the alleles of a locus possessed, the more effectively the paternity can be assigned. Not only the microsatellite DNA marker is a promising tool in establishment of yak detail pedigrees, but also can provide us information of reproductive efficiency of the bull(s) based on the numbers of calves it produced in the herd, which will be useful in speeding up the processes of yak genetics improvement.