半解析法求解水柱分离与断流弥合水锤问题及机理分析

为了应对长距离输水工程的水锤防护问题,分析了空气阀作用于波状管线有压输水系统发生水力过渡时的瞬态响应过程,提出了空穴增长和溃灭时间、管线最大含气率、最大压力峰值等参数的半解析公式,并由此探讨和研究影响空气阀水锤防护效果的关键因素。半解析解表明,位于空气阀下游的管段相对长度和管线高点的相对高程对系统的断流弥合水锤起了主导作用。将半解析解与特征线法数值解进行了对比,发现两者随主变量的变化趋势一致;分析了半解析解与数值解产生偏差的原因与半解析公式推导过程中几个假设的关系。结果证明,该文提出的半解析公式能够反映空气阀作为水锤防护装置时,主导断流弥合水锤压力峰值的关键因素。该研究可为水锤防护的相关研究提供参考。     

仿海豚皮肤结构的功能表面提高离心泵效率

为了提供一种可利用仿生功能表面提高泵类产品效率的方法,该文分别以鲨鱼皮肤及海豚皮肤表面结构为模仿原型,设计了2种仿生功能表面,模仿鲨鱼皮肤结构的功能表面为模型1,仿海豚皮肤结构的功能表面为模型2,并以吉林市奥吉通泵业有限公司生产的200QJ50-26离心式水泵为载体,进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,模型1可提高水泵效率2%~3%,模型2可提高水泵效率5%,且模型2在全流段范围内增效效果显著。利用氢气泡流动显示试验,从流场尾迹再附点及涡距2个方面说明了上述2种模型对流体介质的控制机制。试验结果表明,模型2相比模型1,其尾迹再附点距离降低5 mm,而尾迹涡距距离却增加3 mm。说明模型2的压差阻力得到降低,此外,模型2通过降低涡生成密度及速度的方式降低能量的耗散,其减阻效果更明显。该研究为仿生功能表面在以流体为工作介质的流体机械及在流体介质中运行的交通工具的全面应用提供了参考。     

Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics

Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.     

群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗成虫能量代谢相关酶活性测定

为明确亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus成虫飞行肌对其体内能源物质利用的情况,采用室内生化法测定能源物质代谢相关5种酶,即3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(glycerol-3-phosphate dehyd...     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

不同氮磷施用量对丹参产量及有效成份的影响

采用氮、磷二因素五水平二次D-饱和最优设计,于2002年在陕西天士力商洛药用植物有限公司丹参基地进行了施肥对丹参产量及有效成分含量的影响田间试验。结果表明,氮、磷肥对丹参生长、产量和品质有明显影响,同时建立了氮、磷肥对丹参产量肥效反应数学模式,确定丹参的氮、磷肥最佳用量。提出丹参目标产量4500~5000kg/hm2之间的氮、磷用量是氮127.5~196.7kg/hm2;P2O5用量是66.55~153.68kg/hm2。明确了氮、磷肥与丹参有效成分含量动态变化的影响。单纯施用氮肥,会造成丹参素和丹参酮的降低,氮、磷肥合理配合施用,可使丹参高产,同时提高丹参品质。     

利用抑菌率对羊骨酶解产物的制备中最佳用酶的筛选

利用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、动物蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别在各自最适条件下对羊骨进行酶解,以大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和藤黄球菌为供试菌种,以抑菌性为指标,对7种酶作用下所得酶解产物的抑菌性进行评定,以选出水解最佳用酶。结果表明,在各自最适条件下,胃蛋白酶酶解产物(pH值为3.0,37℃,底物质量浓度0.2kg/L,酶添加浓度2000U/g,作用时间6h)的抑菌效果最佳。     

出生至断奶仔猪胃肠道组织中FcRn的表达规律初探

【研究目的】旨在研究FcRa在仔猪胃肠道的表达分布及不同日龄间的表达变化。【方法】以大白争长白二元杂交仔猪作为研究对象,分布采集从出生至断奶后共12个日龄仔猪胃肠道组织。应用RT-PCR方法检测FcRa mRNA表达并进行表达量的相对分析。【结果】①FcRa在仔猪胃肠道各段组织中均有表达,其中在十二指肠后段和空肠前段表达量最高,在结肠和胃内表达最低。②在十二指肠争空肠段,仔猪从一出生就有较高水平的FcRa转录,吮乳后至出生后1d达到峰值,随后略有下降但前4d差异不显著（P〉0．05）;自7d起FcRamRNA转录水平明显降低（P〈0．05）,至断奶时降到最低。③在回肠段,FcRa表达水平较十二指肠和空肠段低,从出生至断奶前（21d）表达量变化不明显。断奶后有显著下降（P〈0．05）。④胃与结肠部位FcRa的表达比较稳定,一直保持在较低水平。【结论】仔猪不同组织中FcRa在十二指肠后段和空肠前段的表达水平最高,提示仔猪十二指肠、空肠是FcRa转运初乳中IgG的主要部位。仔猪肠道FcRa的表达量变化与初乳及乳汁中IgG含量的变化规律基本一致,证明了FcRa在肠道转运IgG中发挥重要作用。     

外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分和光合特性的影响

为了研究外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分以及光合特性的影响,以ML7113小麦为受试材料,以硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)作为外源NO的供体,预先用0.1 mmol/L的SNP浸种24 h,设置4个处理组：对照组(CK)、紫外线UV-B胁迫处理组(B)、UV-B胁迫和SNP复合处理组(B+SNP)、SNP单独处理组。待幼苗生长7天后取其叶片进行可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O₂^-)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、气孔密度、光合色素及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的测定。结果表明,NO供体SNP能显著增加经UV-B胁迫后小麦幼苗的株高,并使其小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量分别提高19.69%、15.25%、41.36%,同时使其小麦叶正面气孔密度增大10.34%。SNP单独处理使得光合色素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）的含量较CK分别提高12.43%和5.99%,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0较CK显著提高0.5%和5.16%。此外,SNP能使小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的含量较CK显著降低27.30%和74.92%,超氧阴离子(O₂^-)的产生速率较CK显著降低24.47%。通过体内相关生理指标物质含量的变化来响应UV-B胁迫对小麦幼苗造成的伤害,而适宜浓度的外源NO(0.1 mmol/L)可以缓解UV-B胁迫下对小麦幼苗的伤害作用,从而增强小麦幼苗对UV-B胁迫的适应能力。     

鬼针草中主要成分指标的测定

对鬼针草的理化指标进行了测定,结果表明其粗蛋白质含量为18.9%(干基),粗脂肪含量为7.8%(干基),灰分含量为3.3%;富含17种人体必需的氨基酸,其中以谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸的含量为最多,分别约占干物质总量的2.56%,1.9%和1.29%,不含谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺和色氨酸;含有11种脂肪酸,其中以亚麻酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸的含量最多,分别为亚麻酸42%,亚油酸31%,棕榈酸16.5%。对鬼针草中类黄酮的测定表明,其总黄酮含量为86.7mg/g(干基)。