Sinapine detection in radish taproot using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Plant research and natural product detection are of sustainable interests. Benefited by direct detection with no sample preparation, sinapine, a bioactive chemical usually found in various seeds of Brassica plants, has been unambiguously detected in radish taproot (Raphanus sativus) tissue using a liquid-assisted surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS). A methanol aqueous solution (1:1) was nebulized by a nitrogen sheath gas toward the corona discharge, resulting in charged ambient small droplets, which affected the radish tissue for desorption/ionization of analytes on the tissue surface. Thus, sinapine was directly detected and identified by tandem DAPCI-MS experiments without sample pretreatment. The typical relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method for sinapine detection was 5-8% for six measurements (S/N=3). The dynamic response range was 10(-12)-10(-7) g/cm2 for sinapine on the radish skin surface. The discovery of sinapine in radish taproot was validated by using HPLC-UV methods. The data demonstrated that DAPCI assisted by solvent enhanced the overall efficiency of the desorption/ionization process, enabling sensitive detection of bioactive compounds in plant tissue.     

锤片式粉碎机分段圆弧筛片设计与粉碎性能试验

针对锤片式粉碎机工作过程中物料环流层影响粉碎性能的特点,设计了分段圆弧筛片代替环形平筛,使锤筛间隙不断变化,破坏环流层,改善粉碎机性能。试验研究表明,针对4KB型锤片式粉碎机设计的15种分段圆弧筛片中,当分段圆弧半径为76mm,间距为97mm时,粉碎机的生产率最高,比环形平筛增加了29.8%,度电产量增加了26.6 %,过度粉碎现象得到了改善,物料粒度也比较均匀,温升明显降低。     

玉米秸秆芯结构建模与径向压缩过程模拟

为了深入研究实芯作物秸秆的压缩特性,以农大108玉米秸秆芯为研究对象,基于秸秆各向异性、非均质、非线性特点,先通过径向压缩试验获取其粘弹性参数,然后应用ANSYS软件建立了玉米秸秆芯横截面圆柱有限元结构模型,并进行径向压缩过程和应力松弛过程的数值模拟.研究表明,五参量广义麦克斯韦模型能较好地描述玉米秸秆芯应力松弛特性,模型拟合参数的试验值与有限元模拟值误差均小于10％.试验验证了玉米秸秆芯模拟结果的可行性和计算模型的有效性.     

超声聚焦微喷制备脂质体微阵列研究

设计了基于超声换能器和球面声透镜的超声聚焦微喷头及向下隔离喷射机构,实现了无喷嘴、无堵塞、非接触、低消耗、高精度的微阵列制备.为验证其生物相容性,以载有F0F1- ATP酶的分子马达脂质体为对象,制备出了形状规则、定位准确的脂质体微阵列,并对其ATP水解活性和合成活性进行了检测.实验结果表明,所制备的微阵列生物芯片在相关光化学刺激下具有良好的ATP水解与合成活性,从而证实该方法在微阵列生物芯片制备过程中能够较好地保持样品的生物活性.     

玉米植株抗弯特性对分禾器结构的影响分析

玉米收获机分禾器结构直接影响玉米植株的分禾和输送效果,是决定机具能否正常作业的重要因素。通过田间试验,对玉米植株抗弯特性进行了测定,测量出玉米植株的横向最大偏移量,并计算出玉米植株偏折角。得出了分禾器宽度与玉米植株抗弯特性之间的关系方程,找到了影响分禾输送效果的一个重要因素——植株自身的抗弯特性,为分禾器的设计提供了新的依据。在理论上解释了作业时分禾器离地越高越不易碰伤植株的现象,且对比了不同地区品种玉米植株抗弯强度的差异性,结论是最佳收获期内山东省、北京市地区品种的玉米植株抗弯能力比吉林省地区品种强。     

螺旋齿辊式秸秆调质装置性能试验

利用所研制的螺旋齿辊式秸秆调质装置试验台,采用调质齿辊差速转动方式对摘穗后玉米秸秆进行压裂、破节的连续调质正交试验,分析了调质齿辊工作间隙、调质齿辊转速及秸秆喂入速度对秸秆调质性能的影响.试验结果表明,调质齿辊工作间隙对秸秆调质作业性能影响显著,最优参数组合为调质齿辊工作间隙2 mm,调质齿辊转速65 r/min,秸秆喂入速度4 km/h.     

一个新的体外快速鉴定十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型效应物的报告质粒的构建

植物病原菌侵染寄主的过程就是病原菌和寄主植物相互作用的过程。在这个相互作用过程中,Ⅲ型分泌系统和Ⅲ效应物与病原菌致病密切相关。大部分革兰氏阴性植物病原菌通过Ⅲ型分泌系统定向的把效应物蛋白传递到宿主细胞,效应物蛋白进入植物体引起致病或过敏反应。本研究将百日咳杆菌的腺苷酸环化酶基因连接至含启动子的pLAFRJ载体上,从而构建出一个新的体外快速鉴定Ⅲ型效应物的报告质粒pJ-JA,并用已鉴定为Ⅲ型效应物基因的十字花科黑腐病菌XC1553的启动子和信号区验证该报告质粒,证明这个系统是可以工作的。该报告质粒为进一步精确筛选鉴定十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型效应物提供了材料。     

浅析项目管理的发展历史与工作过程

介绍了项目和项目管理的定义,阐述了项目管理的发展过程,详细论述了现代项目管理5大工作过程组和各工作过程组具体的过程范围及相互之间的作用。     

固态发酵芦笋老茎生产高蛋白反刍动物饲料的研究

通过单菌种固态发酵、复合菌种固态发酵以及不同配比的复合菌种固态发酵试验,对能够将芦笋老茎转化为反刍动物饲料的微生物菌种进行了筛选。结果表明,由青霉(Penicillium sp.)F-5、暗孢毛壳(Chaetomium atrosporum)F-21、曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F-25菌株组成的配比为2:2:3的复合菌种是效果最好的菌种组合。芦笋老茎生料培养基经该复合菌种5 d固态发酵后,发酵产物中可溶性蛋白含量达到4.80 mg/g,与对照组相比增加了39.94%;粗蛋白含量达到11.18%,与对照组相比增加了38.54%;纤维素由22.74%降低到22.32%,降低了1.85%;木质素由12.90%降低到10.53%,降低了18.37%。这些结果证明芦笋老茎经微生物发酵后能转化为良好的高蛋白反刍动物饲料。     

Molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Korea

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. Among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolates harbored tetA gene and one isolate harbored tetE gene. Additionally, quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) consisting of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified and sequenced. Among the quinolone-resistant A. salmonicida strains, 15 harbored point mutations in the gyrA codon 83 which were responsible for the corresponding amino acid substitutions of Ser⁸³→Arg⁸³ or Ser⁸³→Asn⁸³. We detected no point mutations in other QRDRs, such as gyrA codons 87 and 92, and parC codons 80 and 84. Genetic similarity was assessed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the results indicated high clonality among the Korean antibiotic-resistant strains of A. salmonicida.