Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in beagles

Three Beagles with chronic anemia and reticulocytosis were studied. The dogs originated from a large breeding colony and appeared clinically normal with the exception of splenomegaly. The PCV ranged from 30 to 39% (normal, 46 to 56%), with reticulocyte indices of 2.3 to 9.9. Red blood cells were morphologically normal, and examination of marrow aspirates revealed erythroid hyperplasia. Shortened chromium-51 RBC life-spans (7.2 to 15.4 days in anemic dogs; 22.2 to 25.2 days in control dogs) documented a hemolytic anemia. Acquired causes of hemolytic anemia were ruled out. Red blood cells had normal glycolytic enzyme activities, no evidence of unstable or abnormal hemoglobin, and had altered osmotic fragility curves. The breeding of 2 anemic dogs resulted in offspring with anemia and reticulocytosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no abnormalities in RBC membrane cytoskeletal proteins in all anemic adult dogs and in 3 offspring.     

Giant Friedel Oscillations on the Beryllium(0001) Surface

Large-amplitude electron density oscillations were observed on a Be(0001) surface by means of variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Fourier transforms of the images showed a ring of radius 2kF, where kF is the Fermi wave vector of the Be(0001) surface state. This wavelength was expected from Friedel oscillations caused by electronic screening of surface defects, but the amplitude of the waves for energies near the Fermi energy was anomalously large and inconsistent with the Friedel concept of screening. The enhanced amplitude of the waves must be a many-body effect, either in the electron gas (possibly an incipient charge density wave) or in the response of the lattice (electron-phonon coupling).     

The isoflurane-sparing and clinical effects of a constant rate infusion of remifentanil in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the isoflurane-sparing and clinical effects of two constant rate infusions of remifentanil in healthy dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: Forty-one American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II client-owned dogs (age, 7 months-9 years; body mass 11-59 kg). METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received either: intramuscular (IM) meperidine 2 mg kg(-1) every 2 hours throughout surgery (control group (C); n = 13); remifentanil infused intravenously (IV) at 0.1 microg kg(-1) minute(-1) (low remifentanil group (L); n = 14) or remifentanil infused at 0.25 microg kg(-1) minute(-1) IV (high remifentanil group (H); n = 14). Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental administered to effect and maintained using isoflurane in 100% oxygen. During controlled ventilation when the end-tidal CO(2) was maintained between 4.65 and 5.98 kPa [35-45 mmHg], the end-tidal isoflurane concentration (e'iso%), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 5 minutes. Bradycardia (HR < 40 minute(-1) lasting >5 minutes) was corrected with 0.01 mg kg(-1) IV glycopyrrolate. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test and Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was accepted at < or = 0.05. Data are expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. RESULTS: The e'iso% was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by remifentanil. In C, e'iso% was 1.28 +/-0.13 and was significantly different from L (0.78 +/- 0.17, p < 0.001) and H (0.65 +/- 0.16, p < 0.001). HR was significantly different between groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in MAP between groups. Glycopyrrolate was required in two, three and six dogs in the C, L and H groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil infusion reduced the isoflurane concentration required for surgical anaesthesia during orthopaedic surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Remifentanil infusions may be a useful additive to isoflurane anaesthesia in healthy dogs.     

Fine‐scale habitat partitioning of Chilean and Peale's dolphins and their overlap with aquaculture

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Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower, durum wheat and flax

Cadmium (Cd) level in nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown on uncontaminated, alkaline soils has exceeded limits established in Northern Europe. Separate field experiments were conducted to investigate variability of grain Cd levels among sunflower, durum wheat and flax germplasm, and to seek an efficient screening method for future breeding. There were large variations in leaf Cd concentration among 200 sunflower lines. These lines performed more consistently for Cd uptake at the R5 stage than at the V8 stage across 4 locations with markedly differing soils. Cd concentration in V8 leaves was not related to Cd in grain. The positive correlation between R5 leaf Cd and kernel Cd level was obtained from nonoilseed hybrid (Sigco 954) (R²; = 0.74**), and 200 lines (R² = 0.44**) tested over 4 locations in 2 field trials, respectively. This indicates that an efficient and low cost screening method can be developed for genotype selection, but plants must be grown to the R5 stage. A preliminary evaluation of 30 durum wheat and 74 flax lines indicated large variations in grain Cd level of durum wheat and flax. Grain Cd concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for durum wheat, and 0.14 to 1.37 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for flax, respectively. This variability indicates that breeding for low grain Cd in durum wheat and flax should be feasible. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus: 1. Clinical and pathological studies

The virulence of a strain of hog cholera virus isolated during an outbreak of mild disease in pigs in New South Wales in 1960/61 (the NSW strain) was compared over 11 days with that of a virulent strain by inoculating 8 pigs with each virus and comparing the ensuing clinical signs and pathology. Both viruses caused persistent pyrexia and leukopenia, the NSW strain 4 to 5 days and the virulent strain 3 days, after inoculation. Few other clinical signs were observed in the pigs inoculated with the NSW strain. In contrast, all pigs inoculated with the virulent strain became progressively depressed and incoordinated, and were killed between days 6 and 9. Bronchopneumonia and swollen, reddened lymph nodes were observed in pigs inoculated with both viruses. Few other gross lesions were observed with the NSW strain, but some pigs receiving the virulent strain had pustules in the tonsil and the anterior oesophagus, petechial haemorrhages in the kidney, and small infarcts at the margins of the spleen. There were marked differences in the histopathology, both in the variety of organs affected and the severity of lesions in individual organs. Suppurative bronchopneumonia occurred in both groups. Other changes in the pigs affected with the NSW strain were colitis, mild cerebral vasculitis, necrosis, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in some lymph nodes and spleens. In pigs infected with virulent virus the cerebral vasculitis was so severe that there was necrosis of cells within the vessel walls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Susceptibility of cats to equine morbillivirus

Objective To assess the susceptibility of cats to equine morbillivirus (EMV) by direct administration of the virus by subcutaneous, intra-nasal or oral routes, and following exposure to infected cats.
Design A disease transmission study, with controls, using ten cats.
Procedure Groups of cats were given the virus by the designated methods and assessed for evidence of infection by clinical examination, plus pathological and virological tests.
Results All cats administered the virus by subcutaneous, intra-nasal or oral routes became infected and developed the disease within 4 to 8 days. One of two cats in contact with affected cats also developed the disease, but two cats kept near to affected cats did not become infected. The virus was isolated from a range of tissues collected from the infected cats, and the lesions observed in affected cats were similar to those previously observed in horses naturally and experimentally infected with the virus.
Conclusion This is the first demonstration that animals can be infected with EMV by non-parenteral means, that the virus can transmit naturally between animals and confirms other reports of the similarity of EMV disease in horses and cats.