2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。     

5XZ-5型重力式精选机的研制

研制了5XZ-5型重力式精选机,介绍了其基本结构和工作过程,重点描述了振动工作台、传动系统、风机系统3个关键工作部件的设计、原理和主要工作参数及其调节。该机的振动系统采用等惯量反向配置设计,风机系统采用多台离心风机同轴横向组配,并配有风量调节装置。小麦种子精选试验检测结果表明,其实际生产率为5.1 t/h,获选率98.8%,有害杂草籽清除率100%,除轻杂率90%,净度99.6%,破损率0.06%,除重杂率85%,粉尘浓度8 mg/m3,噪声84 dB(A)。     

山西不同居群白羊草的营养成分及瘤胃降解规律

为研究山西不同居群白羊草抽穗期的营养成分含量及干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)在绵羊瘤胃中的降解规律,以安装永久性瘘管的杜泊与本地羊杂交一代肉用绵公羊15只为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对不同居群白羊草抽穗期的DM和CP的降解率及降解参数进行测定。结果表明,居群对白羊草的常规营养成分含量有较大的影响。其中,太谷居群具有最高的粗蛋白质(CP)含量和最低的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,其次是原平和沁源居群。不同居群白羊草的DM和CP的降解特性不同,其中,太谷和原平居群72 h的DM降解率最高,显著高于襄汾居群(P<0.05),太谷居群的DM有效降解率最高,达到46.39%,其次是原平和沁源居群;太谷和原平居群72 h同样有最高的CP降解率,显著高于降解率最低的芮城居群(P<0.05)。太谷居群的CP有效降解率最高,其次是方山和阳高居群,三者差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,太谷居群DM和CP降解率最高,优于其他居群。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

日光温室中不同樱桃品种果实外在品质的比较

为了比较天津地区温室栽植的樱桃果实的外在品质,以SUM、MZ、BLA、EBF、RED、AM和矮化SUM等7个品种的果实为试验材料,研究了其果实硬度、果型指数、单果质量、果柄长度、果实明暗度以及肉核比.结果表明:AM的硬度最高,为21 369.15g/cm~2,MZ的硬度最低,是AM的0.6倍;AM(0.9927)、EBF(0.992)和RED(0.982)的果形指数较大,显著大于其他品种;AM单果质量最大为7.385g,EBF的单果质量最低,为4.273g;SUM(3.307cm)、AM(3.176cm)和MZ(3.218cm)的果柄较长,显著大于其他4个品种;MZ品种果实明暗度(黑白)L值和黄蓝色b值最高,果实呈亮黄色;EBF品种果实L值、红绿色a值及b值均较高,果实呈紫红色;SUM品种果实A值较高,为深红色;BLA(19.72)和MZ(19.48)、AM(18.86)3个品种的肉核比显著大于其他4个品种.隶属函数分析显示,供试樱桃品种的外在品质从好到差排序为:AM,BLA,SUM和RED,EBF和矮化SUM,MZ.     

肉牛舍走向对夏季舍内环境的影响

为了研究肉牛舍走向对舍内环境指标的影响,试验选取2种不同走向的牛舍,测定夏季舍内温度、相对湿度、风速以及二氧化碳、氨气浓度。结果表明:东西走向牛舍内的风速显著高于南北走向牛舍(P<0.05),有效温度及有害气体浓度极显著低于南北走向牛舍(P<0.01),2种牛舍内温度和相对湿度无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

支气管败血波氏杆菌外膜蛋白双向电泳图谱的建立

为建立支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bb)外膜蛋白(OMPs)双向电泳(2-DE)图谱,本研究利用碳酸钠法提取OMPs,并分别对裂解液、pH值、上样量、聚焦条件、染色方法等进行优化。2-DE结果表明,用裂解液5 MUrea、2 M Thiourea、2%CHAPS、2%SB3～10溶解蛋白,pH4～7的13 cm线性胶条考染上样量为750μg、银染上样量为75μg,聚焦条件为500 V,2 h,1 000 V,1 h,8 000 V,2∶30 h,8 000 V,4 h时,能获得聚焦良好、分离清晰的Bb OMPs图谱。本研究首次建立了Bb OMPs的2-DE图谱,为其蛋白质组学研究奠定了基础。     

Dietary fiber for dogs: II. Iso-total dietary fiber (TDF) additions of divergent fiber sources to dog diets and their effects on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy and digesta mean retention time

The objectives of this study were to examine widely divergent fiber sources for their efficacy as ingredients in a meat-based dog diet and to determine the effects of these fibers on fecal excretion responses and mean retention time of marked fiber in the gastrointestinal tract of the dog. Fiber sources tested included beet pulp (BP), tomato pomace (TP), peanut hulls (PH), wheat bran (WB) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS). Diets were isonitrogenous (5.3% N) and iso-total dietary fiber (TDF; 12.5%). Thirty female English Pointers (five/treatment) were used in the experiment. Intakes of DM and OM were similar among treatments. The highest intakes of ether extract (EE) occurred on the TP, PH and WB treatments. Dogs fed PH ingested the most crude fiber (23.6 g/d), NDF (53.5 g/d), ADF (34.3 g/d) and TDF (59.7 g/d). Digestibilities of DM and OM for all fiber treatments were lower than the control (87.6 vs 81.8% for DM; 90.2 vs 85.4% for OM), but values were similar among fiber sources. The highest EE and N digestibilities occurred on the control and AHPWS treatments. No differences were noted among exogenous fiber-containing treatments in fiber component digestibility. Digestible energy and ME values generally were similar among treatments. Among fiber sources, BP resulted in the greatest amount of wet feces excreted (270 g/d) and the lowest fecal DM (30.3%). No differences among fiber sources were noted in frequency of defecation or mean retention time. Iso-TDF diets (containing, on average, 12.5% TDF) appear to be utilized similarly, regardless of the diversity in sources of fiber tested.     

烟碱对大鼠心电图的影响

烟碱对心率的作用具有阶段性,初期引起心率短暂性减弱,紧接着发生瞬时增加。为进一步确定烟碱对大鼠心脏的作用,对描记烟碱作用后大鼠心电图进行分析,发现烟碱能引起大鼠心电图显示较长的QT间期,增加了PR间期及T波面积,与肾上腺素或去甲肾上腺素引起的QT间期延长相似,且能被M受体阻断剂阿托品所阻断,说明烟碱能够诱导局部释放乙酰胆碱或者作用于部分副交感神经控制的毒蕈碱受体。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体检测

采用Svanova公司牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体ELISA抗体检测试剂盒对采自新疆10个不同地区的875份牛血清进行了牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体检测,共检出抗体阳性血清759份,最高阳性率为100％,最低为55.0％,平均为86.7％.检测结果表明该病已在新疆普遍存在,感染没有明确的地域分布规律.根据ELISA检测结果,从...