Effect of Nutrient Solution PH on the Vegetative and Reproductive Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rose Cv. ‘Grand Gala’ in Hydroponic System

The rose plants were cultivated in the pots containing 75% cocopeat+ 25% perlite and were nourished with ½ Hoagland nutrient solutions with pH of 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 8. The results revealed that plant fresh and dry weight, flower bud, and stem diameter increased with the increase in pH from 4.5 to 6.5, but then started to decrease with further increase in pH up to 8. The highest number of buds, chlorophyll content, F_v/F_m, performance index (PI), and leaf phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper concentrations were obtained at pH 6.5 and the lowest one at pH 8. The highest and lowest zinc concentration was observed at pH 6.5 and 4.5, respectively. According to the results, pH 6.5 was evaluated as optimum for hydroponic culture of rose, which resulted in the higher uptake of elements and better vegetative and reproductive growth and higher quality of rose plants.     

Lead stabilization in a polluted calcareous soil using cost-effective biochar and zeolite amendments after spinach cultivation

Biochar has been shown to be an effective organic soil amendment for the in-situ immobilization of lead (Pb).Little research has been done on the effects of biochar and zeolite interactions on Pb immobilization in contaminated calcareous soils.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of zeolite (2% and 4%,weight:weight) and biochars (3%,weight:weight) prepared from green compost (GB),poultry manure (PB),and municipal waste (MB) on the content of Pb in sp...     

Effects of Artificial Pollination Using Pollen Suspension Spray on Nut and Kernel Quality of Pistachio Cultivar Owhadi

Yield and nut quality in pistachio are highly dependent on cultural practices especially pollination. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pollen suspension spray containing 0.01% and 0.02% boric acid combined with 1% (w/v) pollen on nut and kernel quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Owhadi). The experiment was carried out as RCBD with three replications over 2011–12 period. The results showed that application of medium containing agar (A) and 0.01% boric acid (B1) combined with 1% (w/v) pollen decreased fruit set in both years compared to control whereas nut splitting was increased during 2012. Pollen suspension sprays unaffected nut and kernel dimensions in both years but increased kernel proteins and decreased oil during 2011. According to this study, it could be postulated that artificial pollination in pistachio using pollen suspension spray is possible.     

Grain Yield and Qualitative of Rapeseed Genotypes Change in Response to Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Planting Density

Gesunde Pflanzen - A factorial split-plot experiment (2015–17) was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Karaj, Iran, to investigate...     

Organo-silane compounds in medium density fiberboard:physical and mechanical properties

We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane(NOS) compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption(WA) and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix:the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.     

Zur Empfindlichkeit verschiedener Kulturpflanzenarten gegenüber dem Befall durch Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) und M. incognita acrita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Nematoda,Heteroderidae)

Zusammenfassung Baumwolle, Weizen, Mais, Sojabohne, Zwiebel, Kichererbse und Sesam wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Anfälligkeit gegen die WurzelnematodenMeloidogyne javanica undM. incognita incrita untersucht. Sesam und Mais waren gegen beide Nematodenarten resistent. Baumwolle wurde vonM. javanica nicht befallen. Dagegen wurden Zwiebel und Sojabohne von diesem Nematoden stark geschädigt. Die statistische Analyse zeigte signifikante Befallsunterschiede zwischen den Wirtspflanzen undMeloidogyne-Arten.

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Susceptibility of certain field crops to some Nematoda infection, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) and M. incognita acrita (Kofoid & White) chitwood

Varietal susceptibility of certain field crops were tested. Sesame and maize were resistant toM. javanica andM. incognita acrita infection. Cotton was resistant toM. javanica only. Onion and soybean were highly infected withM. javanica in comparison with the other tested hosts. Soybean also was highly infected withM. incognita acrita. Wheat showed the presence of the lowest of nematode population of the two species on its roots. Severity of galls was paralleled to the mentioned nematode populations.Statistical analysis of the data indicates that there were significant differences between the tested hosts. Also, the interaction between nematode species and hosts was significant.

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Effects of bicarbonate and different Fe sources on vegetative growth and physiological characteristics of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants in hydroponic system

In order to determine the best iron (Fe) sources under alkaline conditions, an factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factors of Fe fertilizer at four forms [iron sulfate (FeSO₄), Fe- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Fe- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and Fe- ethylenediamine-N,N’-bis (EDDHA), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)] at three levels (0, 10 and 15 mM) with three replications. Results showed that the highest loss of vegetative growth (stem length, leaf number, leaf area, stem diameter, and leaf, stem and root dry weight) and ecophysiological parameters (F_v/F_m, SPAD and RWC) was observed in plants treated with FeSO₄. Alkalinity stress increased proline concentration especially in FeSO₄ treatment. Bicarbonate treatments decreased Fe concentration in plant tissues. Fe-EDTA and Fe-DTPA fertilizer sources acted similar or even better than EDDHA at 10 mM NaHCO₃ concentration, but the best Fe fertilizer source was Fe-EDDHA at 15 mM NaHCO₃ concentration.     

Effect of Organic Residues and Their Derived Biochars on the Zinc and Copper Chemical Fractions and Some Chemical Properties of a Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT

Addition of more resistant organic materials, such as biochars, to soils not only enhances soil C sequestration but also can also benefit soil fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two organic materials (sheep manure and vermicompost) and their biochars produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 and 500°C) applied at 5% (w/w) on the chemical fractions of Zn and Cu and some chemical characteristics of an unpolluted, light textured calcareous soil. Addition of the raw organic materials and their-derived biochars significantly enhanced plant available K, P, and Zn but significantly decreased plant available Cu in the soil. Sheep manure biochar produced at 300°C was most effective at increasing plant available P (13-fold) and K (1.9 fold) likely due to formation of more soluble forms of P and K compared to raw material or biochar produced at higher temperature (500°C). Whereas, raw vermicompost and sheep manure were most effective at enhancing plant available Zn, by increasing water soluble and exchangeable Zn fraction likely due to organic complexation. All amendments, especially biochars produced at 300°C reduced water soluble and exchangeable Cu mainly attributed to increased soil P availability. The results of this study showed that in the short-term, addition of the low-temperature biochars was best for enhancing soil P and K availability, but concomitantly reduced Cu availability the most, whereas, addition of the raw organic materials was better for enhancing Zn availability compared to the biochars.     

Pharmacokinetics and dosage of chlorpromazine in goats

Pharmacokinetic parameters which describe the distribution and elimination of chlorpromazine in goats were determined. Following the intravenous administration of a single dose (2.5 mg/kg), disposition of the drug was described in terms of the biexponential expression C _p= Ae^-αt+ Be^-βt. Based on total (free and bound) chlorpromazine levels in plasma, pseudo-distribution equilibrium was rapidly attained, and the elimination half-life was 1.51 ± 0.48 h (mean ± SD, n = 8). Total body clearance, which is the sum of all clearance processes, was 80 ± 25 ml/min/kg. The curves of an animal representative of the group, based on individual rate constants associated with the two-compartment open model, showed that at 5 h after drug administration 8% and 6% of the dose were present in the peripheral and central compartments, respectively. The kinetic parameters of chlorpromazine determined at a dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight in six goats showed that the drug followed first-order kinetics and kinetic parameters were similar after both dose levels. Based on these findings and therapeutic plasma levels, a satisfactory intravenous regimen should be 2.0 – 3.5 mg/kg and the drug action will persist for 5–6 h.