三江源区人工草地蒸散量与气候因子的相关分析(英文)

Based on observation data from the mini-type automatic weather station,the evapotranspiration quantity of reference crops from artificial grassland in three river sources areas was estimated by the method of FAO Penman-Monteith.The actual evapotranspiration quantity of grassland was calculated according to the synthetic crop coefficients referenced by FAQ-56,and the change of the actual evapotranspiration quantity of artificial grassland in three river sources areas as well as the relationship between the evapotranspiration quantity and climatic factors were studied.The results suggested that the seasonal change of actual evapotranspiration quantity in grassland was expressed in a single peak curve with the peak in the middle August,and daily transpiration quantity in summer was significantly larger than that in winter.The evapotranspiration was significantly correlated with air temperature,solar radiation and relative humidity,but not significantly correlated with wind speed.Effects of climatic factors on the evapotranspiration quantity of artificial grassland were ordered as follow:air temperature(T)>solar radiation(Ra)>relative humidity(RH)>wind speed(u2).     

Generation of Paramoeba perurans clonal cultures using flow cytometry and confirmation of virulence

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) in farmed Atlantic salmon is caused by the amoeba Paramoeba perurans. The recent establishment of in vitro culture techniques for P. perurans has provided a valuable tool for studying the parasite in detail. In this study, flow cytometry was used to generate clonal cultures from single‐sorted amoeba, and these were used to successfully establish AGD in experimental Atlantic salmon. The clonal cultures displayed differences in virulence, based on gill scores. The P. perurans load on gills, determined by qPCR analysis, showed a positive relationship with gill score, and with clonal virulence, indicating that the ability of amoebae to proliferate and/or remain attached on gills may play a role in virulence. Gill scores based on gross signs and histopathological analysis were in agreement. No association between level of gill score and specific gill arch was observed. It was found that for fish with lower gill scores based on histopathological examination, gross examination and qPCR analysis of gills from the same fish were less successful in detecting lesions and amoebae, respectively.     

盐胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源甜菜碱的生理响应

以盐生植物黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）幼苗为试验材料,在300 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下,用0.5、1.0和2.0 mmol·L-1甜菜碱根灌处理,第7和14天时测定黑果枸杞幼苗叶片主要生理指标的变化。结果表明,在盐胁迫下,黑果枸杞叶片叶绿素总量、质膜相对电导率、MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均显著增加;在等盐分胁迫下,黑果枸杞幼苗经过甜菜碱处理后,MDA和膜透性伤害率显著降低,叶绿素总量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量显著提高,并随胁迫时间的延长,有效抑制了MDA的产生,缓解了对细胞膜的伤害,同时进一步提高了叶绿素总量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量。说明盐胁迫下施用适宜浓度的甜菜碱可改善黑果枸杞幼苗的耐盐能力,提高其对盐胁迫逆境的适应性。     

猪的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

在已经建立猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)的单项PCR诊断方法的基础上,通过对扩增条件的优化,成功地建立了APP、PM、HPS的复合PCR实验室诊断方法,利用一次PCR反应,即可同时扩增出APP的342bp、PM的457bp和HPS的821bp的特异性片段。该复合PCR能同时检测到100个每种细菌或50pg的APP或HPS的DNA和500pg的PM的DNA。该三重复合PCR的敏感性同已报道的单PCR一致。该方法的建立对临床上进行这3种疾病的鉴别诊断和混合感染的检测都具有重要意义。     

不同类型地膜覆盖的抑草与水热效应及其对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

地膜覆盖被广泛应用于马铃薯栽培中,随之而来的白色污染以及杂草问题十分严重。为筛选适宜黄淮海地区的马铃薯专用地膜,以马铃薯品种荷兰15为供试材料,在2013—2015年进行大田定位试验,设置黑白配色地膜(BW)、透明生物降解地膜(BI)和普通聚乙烯地膜(CK)覆盖3个处理,研究其抑草与水热效应及其对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,BW和BI分别减少杂草密度44.1%~58.5%和26.7%~38.3%。马铃薯生育前期,CK增温效果明显;在淀粉积累期,BW的温度日变化幅度较小,控温效果显著。干旱年份(2014)BW保墒效果显著优于BI和CK。与CK相比,降水正常(2013)和干旱年份BW分别增产6.2%和8.2%;干旱年份BI增产7.1%;而湿润年份(2015),不同地膜处理间马铃薯产量无显著差异。与CK相比,BW处理淀粉含量提高18.3%~37.6%,BI提高7.0%~28.9%;BW维生素C含量提高1.0%~4.3%;BW与BI均显著降低了马铃薯块茎中蛋白质含量。因此,用黑白配色地膜和生物降解地膜替代普通地膜,可降低膜下杂草密度,创造更适宜的土壤温度和水分条件,有利于马铃薯增产和改善品质。     

耐贮运条形粉皮冬瓜新品种铁杆粉斯的选育

铁杆粉斯是以厚肉圆筒形粉皮自交系Wx70与肉质致密粉皮特长型自交系Wx5杂交而成的长粉皮一代杂交种;果实长圆柱形,成熟瓜密被白色蜡粉,瓜长80 cm左右,横径约22 cm,瓜肉厚5.5 cm,单瓜质量12~20 kg,空腔小,肉质致密,耐贮运;抗逆性较强,耐日灼;平均每667 m2产量8 000~12 000 kg,适宜搭架和爬地种植。     

高番茄红素樱桃番茄新品种‘樱红1号’

 ‘樱红1号’樱桃番茄是从荷兰‘樱桃红’和日本‘º º ’杂交后代中系统选育出的新品种。该品种植株为无限生长型, 生长势较强, 第8～9节着生第1花序, 单穗结果30～50个。果实圆形, 单果质量15～20 g, 果色鲜红亮丽, 番茄红素含量46.8 mg·kg- 1 , 酸甜可口, 耐贮藏, 产量达45.0～52.5 t·hm^-2。高抗病毒病和枯萎病, 抗根结线虫病, 耐青枯病。适于我国华北地区露地和设施栽培。     

氧化苦参碱及牛心朴子生物碱水剂配方筛选试验

牛心朴子生物碱和氧化苦参碱的各种配比均对枸杞蚜虫存在着不同程度的增效作用,其中以牛心朴子生物碱与氧化苦参碱按4:1的比例复配综合结果最好,共毒系数达到151.36.田间药效试验表明:复配药剂对枸杞蚜虫、蔬菜菜青虫和小菜蛾的防效可达95%以上,明显高于对照.