猪脂肪前体细胞的原代培养及诱导分化

以2日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织为材料,采用胶原酶消化法分离培养出细胞成分均一、增殖旺盛的原代脂肪前体细胞。对所获细胞采用含50 nmol/L胰岛素+100 nmol/L地塞米松+0.25 mmol/L 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤+100nmol/L罗格列酮的分化培养液进行诱导分化培养,少量细胞第2 d开始出现脂滴,大多细胞第3 d出现脂滴,分化率达95%以上,第4~7 d小脂滴逐步融合为大脂滴。在脂滴出现及汇聚快慢上本实验所采用诱导方法明显快于其他诱导方式。     

试论森林生态系统是一类复杂适应性系统

介绍了复杂适应性系统理论产生的背景、概念和核心思想, 进而指出其在解决当代资源与环境问题以及生物、生态、经济、社会等复杂系统及复杂性管理中的开拓性意义; 从森林生态系统的特点出发, 说明其是一类复杂适应性系统, 指出该理论对于研究森林生态系统的复杂性与林业生态建设的重大意义。     

6-Benzylaminopurine delays senescence and enhances health-promoting compounds of harvested broccoli

The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the color, antioxidant activity, and contents of total phenols, glucosinolate, and sulforaphane in broccoli florets was investigated. The results showed that 6-BA treatment markedly inhibited the increase of the L* value and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and retarded the decrease of the H value. 6-BA treatment reduced the rate of chlorophyll degradation by regulating the activities of chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase. When compared to control florets, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in florets treated with 6-BA, whereas the activity of peroxidase (POD) was significantly reduced. The contents of total phenols, glucosinolate, and sulforaphane in broccoli florets were also profoundly increased after treatment with 6-BA. These results indicated that 6-BA could maintain the quality, delay senescence, and improve the nutritional value of broccoli.     

夜晚光照影响荔枝蒂蛀虫生活习性的观察

为了探索广州市天河区罗通山脚龙眼果园荔枝蒂蛀虫危害特别轻的原因,采用荔枝落地果在室内开放式饲养荔枝蒂蛀虫,研究荔枝蒂蛀虫对夜晚光照的反应变化,观察到蒂蛀虫在不同虫期都对夜晚光照有异常的反应:幼虫推迟了脱果爬行成茧的时间:蛹延后羽化;成虫的活动减少或时间规律紊乱;部分成虫长睡不醒;成虫蛰伏高度总体降低;生存率低于对照等.试验结果表明:荔枝蒂蛀虫没有"趋光性".讨论了利用夜晚人工光照等物理防治方法来建立果园新的生态平衡.辅助控制或减轻荔枝蒂蛀虫危害的可能性.     

‘芽黄’红瑞木枝干溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及药剂防治

‘芽黄’红瑞木枝干溃疡病在上海发生严重。本研究通过病原菌分离,致病性测定和形态学特征观察,将引起此病害的病原菌鉴定为拟盘多毛孢属一种Pestalotiopsissp.。通过扩增病原菌的rDNA-ITS序列,构建系统发育树,其在系统发育树上与拟盘多毛孢属中分生孢子中间三个细胞异色的类群处于同一分支,此结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。5种杀菌剂室内药剂筛选结果表明,对Pestalotiopsis sp.的抑制中浓度(EC50)为0.639~1.787μg/mL。4种杀菌剂室外药效试验结果表明,在发病初期,25%丙环唑乳油和25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂防治效果可达80%以上,当病害发展后,供试4种杀菌剂对病害的防治效果均小于50%。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

保存条件对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活菌苗免疫效果与超微结构的影响

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活菌苗在－１５℃保存２４个月，４～８℃保存１８个月，１０～１５℃保存１２个月，２０～３０℃保存６个月，其免疫效果均基本不变。在－８０℃以下结冰再融化后，其超微结构无明显变化。－１０～－１５℃时不结冰，菌苗的理化性状与超微结构不发生改变。在４℃及２０℃室温条件下保存１２个月，菌苗的理化性状与超微结构亦无明显变化。证明该菌苗具有独特稳定的内部结构，范围广泛的保存温度，易于长期保存等特点。     

珍稀油料树种琴叶风吹楠种子萌发习性

从西双版纳地区采集野生琴叶风吹楠(Horsfieldia pandurifolia)的种子开展萌发习性研究。结果表明:成熟的新鲜种子沙床催芽萌发率在96%以上,幼苗移栽成活率高达100%;相同植株的种子土壤播种萌发率为80.00%～86.27%,而整个果实播种萌发率仅有9.09%～33.33%;模拟野生环境下浅覆土的种子萌发率为55%～95%,不覆土的种子萌发率为20%～65%;8个月苗龄土壤播种苗11个家系平均株高为24.70～47.43cm,变异系数为21.95%～41.26%,平均地径为7.16～11.08mm,变异系数为16.62%～35.12%,家系间变异大。     

Evaluating habitat suitability indices derived from CPUE and fishing effort data for Ommatrephes bratramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem and is an international fishery resource with high commercial value in the North Pacific Ocean. The west stock of winter–spring cohort of this species is an important target for the squid-jigging vessels of Japan, Korea and China (including Taiwan). The squid has a life span of less than 12 months, and its population dynamics is heavily influenced by its environment. Thus, a good understanding of its interactions with the habitats, often quantified with a habitat suitability index (HSI) model, is critical in developing a sustainable fishery. In this study, using the Chinese commercial squid-jigger fishery data and corresponding environmental variables we conducted HSI modeling to evaluate the habitat of the west stock of winter–spring cohort of neon flying squid in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We compared catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort data in HSI modeling. This study suggests that the CPUE-based HSI model tends to overestimate the ranges of optimal habitats and under-estimate monthly variations in the spatial distribution of optimal habitats. We conclude that a fishing effort-based HSI model performs better in defining optimal habitats for neon flying squid. According to the fishing-effort-based HSI model, the optimal ranges of the following key habitat variables are defined: from 16.6 to 19.6 °C for SST, from 5.8 to 12 °C for temperature at depths of 35 m, from 3.4 to 4.8 °C for temperature at depth of 317 m, from 33.10 to 33.55 psu for SSS and from ?20 cm to ?4 cm for SLH.     

不同纬度环境对马铃薯淀粉含量及淀粉品质的影响

将8个马铃薯品种分别种植在不同纬度的生态区,收获后分析纬度生态因子对淀粉含量和淀粉粘度指标影响.结果表明,马铃薯淀粉含量变化总趋势为东北和西北地区较高、华北地区较低.在40°06'N～48°04'N范围内淀粉含量随纬度升高逐渐增加.在同纬度地区,淀粉含量随海拔的升高而增加.淀粉粘度随纬度变化趋势与淀粉含量基本一致.