遥感监测土壤水分研究综述

对于近年来国内外遥感监测土壤水分的理论、方法的发展和应用进行了全面的回顾，重点介绍了目前已经比较成熟和广泛应用的基于可见光与热红外波段的特征空间方法和微波遥感方法。并对各种遥感监测土壤水分方法的优缺点作出评价，提出了遥感监测土壤水分方法存在韵不足，指出了今后发展的方向，并展望了遥感监测土壤水分的发展前景。     

黄土丘陵区雨养梨枣树生长对初始土壤含水率的响应

以6年生矮化密植梨枣树(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为试材,在雨养条件下,设置4种不同初始土壤体积含水率水平(1区,15.17%;2区,14.33%;3区,11.34%;4区,8.61%),测定并分析土壤水分变化、枣树生长、枣树耗水及其产量。结果表明:在雨养条件下,随着时间的推进,4个小区的土壤体积含水率不断接近,由最初的有显著差异变为没有显著差异;梨枣林地在低土壤水分情况下,可以通过自然降雨修复干层;4个小区的生物量和产量都是随着初始土壤含水率的减小在减小,且小区之间产量差异显著;4种初始土壤水分条件下,4个小区获得的产量分别为21 744.9、18 648.0、12 354.3 kg·hm~(-2)和6 660.0 kg·hm~(-2),说明即使在初始土壤水分亏缺情况下,在平水年也可以得到一定的产量;高度为0.9~1.2 m,冠幅为0.5~0.9 m的梨枣树,产量却达到最高21 744.9 kg·hm~(-2),说明梨枣获得高产不需要高大的树体,所以矮化密植具有很大潜力。     

Application of Activated Carbon Sponge-Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor in Transformation of Wastewater Treatment

Dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) based on activated carbon sponge materials was studied and developed independently. The pollutant removal efficiency and operational characteristics were investigated in detail, and the feasibility of DMBR application in transformation of real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was discussed by comparing the effluents. Results showed that the concentrations of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in effluents were below 35.0 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L, 10.2 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, with the HRT of 8 h and MLSS of 8 000 mg/L. The ultimate effluent was qualified to standard A of “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB 18918-2002). Adsorption of activated carbon and the spatial structure of sponge synergistically strengthen the pollutant removal. DMBR can be used in upgrading and transformation of WWTP by replacing the existing advanced treatment process. The flux of the DMBR was recovered by intensified aeration backwashing and maintained steadily at the level of 30 L/(m 2·h).     

浅谈动物组织学与胚胎学理论教学

动物组织学与胚胎学是一门形态科学,也是动物科学与动物医学专业的一门专业基础课。它是在动物学和解剖学的知识基础上,对动物体微细结构作进一步的研究和探讨,同时又是为动物生理学、病理学、免疫学、诊断学、内科学、产科学等的学习奠定坚实的基础。然而组织学主要讲授动物各器官、组织的光镜结构和电镜结构,内容微细零散;     

红芪多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究红芪多糖3（HPS-3）的抗氧化活性。[方法]在体外化学模拟条件下,研究HPS-3对超氧阴离子（O2-.）、羟基自由基（.OH）、DPPH和过氧化氢（H2O2）的清除作用。[结果]HPS-3具有一定的清除自由基的能力,在0.05～5.00mg/ml浓度范围内,对O2-.、H2O2、.OH及DPPH的最大清除率分别为55.92%、59.32%、53.69%和87.66%,且呈一定的量效依赖关系。[结论]红芪多糖在体外有直接的抗氧化能力。     

Characterization of the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat in southwestern China

ABSTRACT

Field trials were carried out during 2011–2013 in three locations on 10 wheat genotypes. Traits that were investigated included grain weight, grain-filling duration, grain-filling rates and the lag phase from flowering to the commencement of effective grain filling. The grain-filling duration and rate were fitted by Richard’s equation in thermal time (growing degree-days (GDD), base temperature 9ºC). A combined ANOVA across environments showed that the grain weight was mainly affected by genotype, while most of the other grain-filling characters were influenced by the environment and G × E interactions. Grain filling lasted between 362 to 400 GDD and included a lag phase that ranged from 67 to 86 GDD. Both the effective and maximum rates of grain filling ranged from 0.12 to 0.15 mg GDD^?1 and 0.18–0.22 to GDD^?1, respectively. The lag phase was positively correlated with grain weight and rates of grain filling, whereas days to anthesis were significantly negatively correlated with the lag phase and both rates of grain filling. Temperature during grain filling was negatively correlated with the lag phase. The variation in grain weight was positively associated with the rate of grain filling, which, in turn, was related to the grain number per unit area. A compensating variability existed among the genotypes in both the grain number and grain-filling rate. The study of genotypic stability demonstrated that Chuanmai42 and Chuanmai104 had high grain weight and stability among most of the grain-filling parameters, and also had high grain yield. Chuanmai42 and Chuanmai104 were the best genotypes for improving the yield potential and grain weight stability.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗多胺及相关酶活性的影响

采用He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗的损伤修复作用进行了研究.小麦种子在盛有湿滤纸的培养皿内在25℃下进行萌发.萌发后小麦幼苗再经10.08 kJ(/m2·天)的增强UV-B辐射,然后再用10 mW/mm2的He-Ne激光进行辐照.通过小麦幼苗叶片多胺含量、多胺氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化物的变化,测定了He-Ne激光对小麦UV-B损伤的修复情况.结果表明,多胺、多胺氧化酶、膜脂过氧化物的变化同小麦幼苗损伤的修复的能力相关联.He-Ne激光辐照可使由增强UV-B辐射后诱导叶片升高的多胺含量降低.增强UV-B辐射对多胺氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化物呈促进的作用.显示He-Ne激光对多胺氧化酶由于增强UV-B辐照造成的伤害有一定的修复.     

多异瓢虫对绣线菊蚜捕食作用的初步研究

通过在实验室内研究测定了多异瓢虫成虫、4龄幼虫对苹果绣线菊蚜的捕食作用.结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对绣线菊蚜密度的功能反应能用Holling-Ⅱ型圆盘方程较好地拟合;多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好的反映.多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对苹果绣线菊蚜有较强的捕食作用,捕食作用在一定范围内随猎物密度的增加而加大,随着自身密度增加而减少.     

应用单克隆抗体检测大麦黄花叶病毒

作者应用已建立的大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的4F_(10)单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,经小白鼠腹水生产单克隆抗体,用过碘酸钠法制备了辣根过氧化物酶标记的酶标单克隆抗体。并由此建立了检测大麦黄花叶病毒的标准的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(DAS-ELISA)。其检测提纯病毒的灵敏度为3.0μg/ml左右,感病大麦叶片汁液的最大稀释度为1:2560,病茎稀释度为1:160。对采自我国7个主要BaYMV发病区感病的样品进行了检测,绝大多数均显示强阳性,只有宝山样品例外。本项试验为BaYMV诊断的标准试剂盒的建立进行了有益的尝试。     

冠菌素对早稻和水稻幼苗形态及生理指标的影响

用不同浓度的冠菌素对旱稻297和水稻越富进行浸种处理。研究冠菌素对旱稻和水稻幼苗的形态指标（干物重、株高、根长、根表面积、根系体积及侧根发生量）和生理指标（根系活力和叶绿素含量）的影响。结果表明：高浓度（≥10^-5mol／L）的冠菌素处理后旱稻和水稻幼苗的株高、根系生长、根系活力、干物质积累量及叶绿素含量均明显降低：而较低浓度（10^-8-10^-7mol／L）的冠菌素处理却促进了旱稻幼苗根系生长。提高了根系活力。促进了干物质的积累,对水稻幼苗根系生长（侧根发生）也有一定的促进作用：初步认为用低浓度的冠菌素浸种培育健壮幼苗是可行的。