瓠瓜KNOX基因家族全基因组鉴定及组织表达分析

【目的】 探明瓠瓜KNOX基因家族特征,在瓠瓜全基因组水平上对KNOX基因家族成员进行鉴定和分析,研究其组织表达模式。【方法】利用生物信息学方法,对瓠瓜KNOX家族基因成员进行鉴定、编码蛋白理化性质分析及家族成员结构域和保守基序分析,利用MEGA 5.05软件构建系统进化树,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析KNOX基因在瓠瓜不同组织（根、茎、叶、花、果实）中的表达情况。【结果】鉴定到12个瓠瓜KNOX家族基因,这些基因分布在6条染色体上,且均定位于细胞核。大多数瓠瓜KNOX家族蛋白含有同源异型盒蛋白特有的4种结构域KNOX1、KNOX2、ELK 和Homeobox_KN。系统进化分析将瓠瓜KNOX基因分为KNOX Class Ⅰ和KNOX Class Ⅱ 2大类群,2个类群又可进一步分为5个分支,其中Class Ⅰ-C为瓠瓜特有的进化分支。KNOX基因启动子区有多个激素响应元件和植物生长相关元件。组织表达分析发现,瓠瓜KNOX基因具有不同的表达模式,KNOX Class Ⅰ类基因表达具有组织特异性,在根、茎和果实中表达量较高,在其余组织中表达量较低或不表达,其中Lsi04G014450在根和茎中表达量最高,Lsi11G006380在果实中表达量最高;KNOX Class Ⅱ类基因在所有组织中均有较高表达。【结论】瓠瓜KNOX基因家族有12个成员,分布于6条染色体上,在进化关系上可分为5组,具有瓠瓜特有的进化分支,在不同组织中的表达具有特异性。     

海鲜菇菌糠微生物发酵及其在肉羊瘤胃降解特性研究

【目的】探究不同微生物菌剂对海鲜菇菌糠发酵效果的影响,并研究其在肉羊瘤胃内降解特性。【方法】以海鲜菇菌糠为主要原料,分别添加0.1%植物乳杆菌、0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂、0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜以及3%糖蜜,以不添加菌剂和糖蜜的处理为对照组。每处理3个重复,室温厌氧发酵45 d后,取样测定其营养成分（干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量）及发酵品质（pH及乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量）。取发酵效果最佳处理的发酵菌糠和菌糠原料进行瘤胃降解试验,测定发酵前后海鲜菇菌糠DM、CP、NDF和ADF不同发酵时间点（4,8,12,24,48及72 h）的瘤胃降解率,并计算降解参数及有效降解率。【结果】与对照组相比,各试验组CP含量均升高,NDF含量均降低,其中0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理发酵效果最佳,其CP含量提高了9.69%（P＜0.05）,NDF、ADF和半纤维素含量分别下降了9.12%（P＜0.05）,2.66%和28.71%。各试验组pH较对照组均显著降低（P＜0.05）,乳酸含量均升高,其中0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理组pH值最低,为3.29,乳酸含量最高（7.84%）,较对照组提高了33.11%（P＜0.05）。0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理组菌糠DM、CP、NDF和ADF的72 h瘤胃降解率较发酵前分别提高了8.61%,8.58%,14.75%和8.93%（P＜0.05）,有效降解率较发酵前分别提高了7.66%,11.75%,20.74%和3.39%（P＞0.05）。【结论】在海鲜菇菌糠中添加0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜能明显提高其营养价值、发酵品质及其在肉羊瘤胃中的降解率。     

对兴安盟森林重点火险区综合治理二期工程的建议

文章依据兴安盟自然概况,论述了森林重点火险区综合治理二期工程的必要性,进行了重点火险区划分,提出工程建设内容。     

Comparison of Digestive Enzyme Activities in Normal and Growth Retarded Japanese Eels (Anguilla japonics)

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性.结果表明:正常鳗和僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠蛋白酶活性均在45℃时达到最高值,且蛋白酶活性(除5、15、55℃时的僵鳗蛋白酶活性外)均表现为肠＞胃＞肝胰脏;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃蛋白酶活性分别为正常鳗的29.5％、15.7％和25.2％(P＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗淀粉酶活性均在30℃时达到最高值,正常鳗淀粉酶活性(除5℃时的淀粉酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃,僵鳗淀粉酶活性表现为肠＞肝胰脏＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃淀粉酶活性分别为正常鳗的42.4％、73.7％和43.8％ (P ＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗脂肪酶活性均在35℃时达到最高值,正常鳗脂肪酶活性表现为肝胰脏＞胃＞肠,僵鳗脂肪酶活性(除35℃时的脂肪酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃脂肪酶活性分别为正常鳗的41.5％、45.6％和23.2％ (P ＜0.05).由此可见,日本鳗鲡僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性均显著低于正常鳗,从而直接影响其生长发育.     

重组鸡β-防御素6基因的表达和生物学特性的研究

目的为开发中药防治畜禽沙门氏菌病,根据沙门氏菌病中兽医辩证进行中药组方,为今后畜禽养殖减抗限抗的替代疗法提供参考。方法采用倍比稀释法检测复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),扫描电镜观察菌体形态变化。试验选取150羽1日龄雏鸡,随机取出30羽做空白组,其余120羽人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌,制备雏鸡感染模型。将感染雏鸡随机分为模型组、中药治疗组、西药治疗组和中药预防组,每组30羽。观察雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。于治疗后1、3和5 d检测血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量;实时荧光PCR检测禽β-防御素6 (avian beta-defensin 6,AvBD6) 和鸡Toll样受体15 (chicken toll-like receptor 15,ChTLR15) 在雏鸡小肠中的转录水平。结果体外试验结果显示：MIC和MBC分别为62.5和125 mg/mL;扫描电镜下可见菌体出现溢缩,断裂形成许多残体,形状不规则。中药预防组可降低雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。与模型组相比,中药预防组和中药治疗组均可降低IL-1β和TNF-α含量。而ChTLR15和AvBD6在感染初期表达量高,治疗后期趋于正常。结论复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用,其杀菌机制是通过改变菌体的形态结构使细菌丧失活性。试验证实复方板蓝根口服液可有效预防雏鸡沙门氏菌感染,并能有效降低体内炎性因子水平,减轻炎症反应。     

我国家庭农场的生成机制、发展现状与现实约束

基于相关历史与现实背景,从经济性激励与社会环境改善两大视角研究家庭农场的生成机制,对家庭农场经营规模、发展速度、经营收益、经营方式、宜机化程度等现状进行探讨,得出经营者文化程度低、融资难、品牌与合作意识不强、现代信息技术应用不足等结论,并从人才培养、政策扶持、规范管理、配套服务等方面为家庭农场未来发展提供建议,以期助力乡村振兴。     

Association of tumor budding with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in breast cancer patients

AIM: To investigate the relationship of tumor budding with clinicopathologic parameters, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of tumor microenvironment and the prognosis in breast cancer patients.METHODS: A total of 178 HE section samples were collected from the breast cancer patients treated with surgery in the First Affilated Hospital of Jinan University during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016. The tumor budding and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were observed under light microscope. The correlation of tumor budding with the clinicopathologic status and TILs were analyzed by χ² test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test were used to estimate the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS: High tumor budding level was associated with more positive lymph nodes, higher grade, and more lymphovascular invasion. In addition, the patients with higher tumor budding level showed fewer TILs, while the patients with lower tumor budding level had more TILs. Furthermore, the patients with higher tumor budding level had a worse disease-free survival and overall survival than those with lower tumor budding level.CONCLUSION: Tumor budding is significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and negatively correlated with TILs. Therefore, tumor budding may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

兰花根外敷治疗韧带扭伤308例

目的对湖北京山县大洪山的野生蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi Rolfe)植物群落进行调查,以期为蕙兰的保护提供科学支撑。方法通过样方法调查测量样地中蕙兰的地理坐标、海拔、坡向、坡度、郁闭度、盖度、土壤类型和群落物种组成。结果蕙兰群落物种丰富,44种维管束植物分属31科39属,其中高位芽植物种类最多,地下芽植物次之,层间有丰富的藤本和附生植物。乔木层多见柏科、壳斗科、棕榈科和松科,灌木层蔷薇科、樟科和紫金牛科较为多见;蕙兰为群落下层优势种,区系特征涉及热带、亚热带、温带分布型,有北亚热带向南暖温带过渡的明显趋势。结论蕙兰适合生长在水热充足、林间有散射光、郁闭度适宜、通风条件好、有较厚落叶层的酸性土壤中。     

Can sieving size affect the determination of soil available micronutrients?

<正>Dear Editor,Globally, approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies(Tulchinsky, 2010; Myers et al.,2014).Soil micronutrient availability is of great importance for the evaluation of soil fertility and the determination of appropriate measures for improving crop quality and human health.The diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic(DTPA)