黄腐酸对雾培马铃薯幼苗抗旱性的影响

试验以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)幼苗为研究对象,采用雾培装置进行不同黄腐酸用量和干旱胁迫处理(分别为CK,不加黄腐酸和PEG; 10％ PEG;0.01％ FA+ 10％ PEG;0.03％ FA+ 10％ PEG;0.05％ FA+ 10％ PEG和0.10％ FA+ 10％ PEG),分析其对马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的影响。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,雾培马铃薯幼苗的成活率、叶绿素含量、膜稳定指数、根系活力、匍匐茎数、结薯率和产量呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及超氧阴离子(O^-₂)产生速率呈上升趋势,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性先增加后下降,说明雾培马铃薯幼苗在干旱胁迫下生长发育受到显著抑制,正在遭受逆境胁迫。经黄腐酸处理后,幼苗的成活率、匍匐茎数、结薯率和产量则得到了提高,而叶绿素含量、膜稳定指数和根系活力仍呈下降趋势,但较单一干旱胁迫的下降趋势缓慢,而MDA含量、SOD和POD活性及产生速率呈先升高后下降的趋势,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、H₂O₂含量及CAT活性呈上升趋势,其中H₂O₂含量上升趋势较单一干旱胁迫缓慢,说明黄腐酸处理后使干旱胁迫下雾培马铃薯幼苗的生长发育得到了促进,减轻了干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害,提高了植株的整体抗旱性,而这种抗性与黄腐酸浓度呈明显相关性,0.05％ FA对植株的的保护效应最显著,而0.10％ FA则协同PEG加剧了对幼苗的伤害作用。     

黄河近80年径流长程相关性诊断分析及趋势预测

为研究黄河径流的长程相关规律,利用非趋势波动分析法对黄河近80年月径流序列进行了分析,初步得出以下结论:黄河近80年月径流存在内在的长程相关性;长程幂律相关的标度指数а≌0.39;尽管大于11.3a尺度区间的а与小于11.3a尺度区间的а有所不同,但可能由于所分析的径流序列长度受到限制,没有足够的理由判断11.3a是个交叉点;通过波动分析进行趋势预测,在未来十几年,黄河径流的变化可能会成下降趋势。     

多效唑对大蒜试管微鳞茎形成和膨大的影响

以MS为基本培养基,用地方品种阿城紫皮大蒜茎尖为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着多效唑浓度的增加,抑制鳞茎的形成与分化,鳞茎发生数减少,地上部生长受抑制严重,叶片和根系变短增粗。添加6 mg/L多效唑为诱导鳞茎形成和促进膨大的最佳浓度,鳞茎形成率109.00%,鳞茎鲜重为307.07 mg,鳞茎指数1.15。     

TritonX-100对月季切花效应的研究

以月季为材料,研究聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)预处理缓解水分胁迫对切花的影响.结果表明:体积分数0.01 % TritonX-100预处理1 h能有效缓解短期水分胁迫对月季切花水分代谢的影响,从而使切花瓶插寿命接近正常水平.     

Effects of baicalin on CA46 cell xenografts in nude mice

AIM: To study the effects of baicalin on CA46 cell xenografts in nude mice. METHODS: The nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts were treated with drugs via intraperitoneal injection daily, and were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, 15 mg/kg baicalin group, 30 mg/kg baicalin group, 60 mg/kg baicalin group and 4 mg/kg etoposide (VP-16) positive control group. After 12-day treatment, the weight of CA46 cell xenografts stripped from some nude mice in the 5 groups was used to evaluate the effect of baicalin on xenograft growth in the nude mice. The apoptosis, necrosis and pathological changes of the xenograft cells were examined under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope respectively. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway-related proteins extracted from xenografts were determined by Western blotting. The other nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts in the 5 groups continued to be treated with the drugs until death in order to evaluate the effect of balcalin on survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts. RESULTS: Baicalin remarkably inhibited the growth of CA46 cell xenografts, induced apoptosis and necrosis of xenograft cells, and reduced the protein expression of phospho-Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) in the xenografts after 12-day treatment. Furthermore, baicalin prolonged the survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Baicalin inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of CA46 cell xenografts in the nude mice, and prolongs the survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts through the mechanism of down-regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathways.     

腾冲过路黄的生长动态观察研究

对腾冲过路黄的物候期进行观察,并绘制出物候图谱。测定其各器官生长动态,结果显示：腾冲过路黄的根系集中分布层深度为10～26 cm,其茎含水量平均为82.02％,叶含水量平均为79.87％,根含水量平均为85.68％。采用相关分析及建立生物量一元线性回归方程,茎、叶、根的生物量（干重Y）可分别用Y=0.0213X4.3369、Y=0.0565X3.9657、Y=0.0382X3.517来推测。     

我国甜菜抗逆性研究进展

从盐、水、温度、病害等方面综述了甜菜抗逆性研究进展,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

丛枝菌根真菌在不同基质中对枳苗生长及氮磷吸收的影响

为筛选出适合枳砧木苗生长的菌根菌种类及基质组合,促进丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌在柑桔砧木容器苗生产中的高效应用,选取腐叶土、麦糠和菌渣为主要基质,分别与园土和河沙按体积比2∶1∶1配成混合栽培基质,以摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、地表球囊霉G.versiforme、地球囊霉G.geosporum和透光球囊霉G.diaphanum为供试菌种,采用容器育苗方法,研究了4种丛枝菌根真菌及其组合处理在3种基质下对枳苗生长及其氮、磷吸收的影响。结果表明,自然接种菌根侵染率不超过40%,人工接种侵染率可高达80%;枳苗以地表球囊霉接种和腐叶土或麦糠组合的侵染率最高,分别为80.7%和78.7%;以地表球囊霉接种和麦糠组合促进生长的效果最显著,菌根依赖性达到342.4%,生物量比对照高出278%,该组合促进植株氮、磷吸收的效果也最显著,其吸氮总量比对照高482.0%,吸磷总量比对照高553.8%。适合枳容器苗生长的最佳AM真菌和基质组合是地表球囊霉+麦糠混合基质。     

Factors affecting seed dormancy and germination of Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Seeds of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] germinated to higher percentages (20–30% higher) when incubated at 28 and 35° C than at 10 or 22° C. After-ripening was accelerated by dry storage of these seeds at 50°C. Seeds pre-chilled at 6°C for 2–4 weeks followed by incubation at 28°C germinated 40–60%. Light effects on germination were related to incubation temperatures; inhibitory at 22°C; no response at 28°C; and stimulatory at 35°C. Effects of gibberellin A₃ (GA₃) also varied depending on incubation temperature, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) immersion and light conditions. Immersion of dry seeds in either 700 mM NaOCl, 900 mM H₂O₂ or concentrated H₂SO₄ before incubation in water was effective in breaking dormancy. This result suggests the modes of action of H₂SO₄ in the termination of dormancy may be similar to those of NaOCl and H₂SO₄ as previously suggested by Hsiao & Quick (1984), that is by modification or scarification of the hull or seed coat membranes, and also by the supply of additional oxygen to the seed.     

添加有机硅表面活性剂对低容量喷雾防治小麦蚜虫的影响

室内试验表明,有机硅表面活性剂Silwet408、非离子表面活性剂OP-10和JFC可显著降低药液的表面张力,其中Silwet408在质量分数为0.05%时可使水的表面张力降到22.05 mN/m,表面活性最强。当药液中含有0.001%的有机硅表面活性剂Silwet408时,其在小麦叶片上的接触角即开始显著减小,且在小麦背面的接触角小于在正面的接触角。在10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂稀释2500倍药液中添加Silwet408,药液的表面张力和其在小麦叶片上的接触角明显降低,雾滴在小麦叶片上扩展面积明显增大。进一步田间试验表明,使用手持离心式低容量喷雾机喷雾,在10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂药液中添加质量分数为0.05%和0.1%的Silwet408,可显著增加对小麦蚜虫的防治效果。