叶底红种子发芽特性研究

为明确不同条件下叶底红种子的发芽特性,通过发芽试验,考察了种子发芽过程和不同温度、光照、采收期、种子贮藏时间等因素处理条件对发芽的影响。结果表明：叶底红种子属于无胚乳种子,种子发芽为子叶出土型。在温度10~25℃范围内,温度越高,种子发芽速度越快,25℃下的发芽时间为11天,30℃以上处于休眠状态;秋季采收的种子的发芽质量最好,幼苗长势也最好;种子发芽需要一定光照,播种以不覆土为好;贮藏期对发芽速度影响不显著,但对发芽率有极显著的影响,在贮藏30天内,发芽率下降5.7%,贮藏240天的种子只有12.7%的发芽率。     

Dismate PE对印度谷螟的防治效果

食品在储藏过程中极易受到鳞翅目螟蛾科害虫危害,印度谷螟尤为常见,由于其幼虫极易在谷堆或者食品包装内部孳生,使得害虫防治遇到了困难。Dismate PE是一种专门针对螟蛾科害虫研发的昆虫信息素性诱剂,通过多年的药效试验表明,其对印度谷螟的防治效果不低于任何化学杀虫剂,同时安全环保。     

防风(Saposhnikovia divaricata)组织培养中的玻璃化现象研究

以防风茎段为外植体,建立了组织培养再生体系,对防风试管苗玻璃化现象进行了研究。结果表明,与正常苗相比,玻璃化苗形态异常,组织含水量升高,叶绿素含量显著降低,酸性过氧化物同工酶活性减弱。6-BA浓度超过2.0mg/L、光照低于2000lx、培养瓶内湿度大都极易导致防风试管苗的玻璃化,减少愈伤继代次数,增加培养基内琼脂和蔗糖浓度,可以降低玻璃化率。轻中度的玻璃化苗通过改变培养环境可以恢复正常。优化的防风再生体系为:以嫩茎段为外植体,继代3次左右的愈伤组织诱导出芽,芽继代增殖时,6-BA浓度采用1.0mg/L和0.5mg/L交替使用,培养光照3000~4000lx。     

脐橙园土壤环境质量评价及果实安全品质分析

以纽荷尔脐橙果园和脐橙52果园为样本,对其产地土壤环境质量、果实品质及卫生指标进行分析评价。结果表明,2个山地果园的土壤环境质量均达到绿色食品-水果产地要求;天坤农场的脐橙果实达到绿色食品-脐橙的品质标准和卫生安全标准。     

基于株型的水稻光合生产模拟研究进展

株型是反映水稻(Oryza sativa L.)冠层结构与群体光合态势的综合性状,理想株型塑造与籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结合是提高水稻单位面积产量的关键。利用计算机可视化技术和三维数字化技术可实现对不同株型水稻的单株及群体冠层三维结构的可视化模拟,克服了G函数应用复杂与繁琐的缺点。通过调控栽培管理措施可构建高光效的水稻冠层结构,提高水稻冠层的光能截获量和单位面积产量。利用辐射度和光线跟踪技术可在三维空间上实现不同株型水稻冠层内光合有效辐射分布的精确模拟,弥补了指数模型应用假设的不足。基于生理生态过程的水稻光分布与光合作用模拟研究得到了快速广泛的发展,为数字农业技术的发展提供了强有力的模型化和定量化支撑。水稻株型的差异明显改变了光在水稻冠层内的分布和利用,进而影响冠层光合作用和物质积累,因而系统分析水稻株型与冠层内光分布及冠层光合作用间的定量关系,有利于提高水稻群体光能利用率与产量。     

油茶组培苗生根的解剖学机理研究

应用光学显微技术对油茶（Camellia?oleifera?Abel.）组培苗生根过程进行解剖学观察,为探讨油茶生根的机理提供解剖学依据。结果表明：组培苗不定根根原基源于髓射线与形成层交接处的细胞分化而成。根原基潜伏期时间比较长,生根时间长。瓶内生根苗的愈伤组织为不规则的薄壁组织,没有观察到根原基。     

不同套袋处理对‘岳苹’果实品质及着色的影响

为探讨‘岳苹’苹果的适宜果袋及摘袋后果皮色素含量的变化规律,确定摘袋后的适宜采收时间,对其设定3种套袋处理,并对不同处理果实内含物、糖、酸和果皮色素的含量进行测定。结果表明：套纸袋使‘岳苹’果实的硬度和果皮花青苷的含量分别提高7.7%和30.9%,促进果实着色,提高果实外观品质,但降低了‘岳苹’果实的风味,使果糖、蔗糖和总糖的含量分别降低了14.2%、59.7%和19.2%;套塑膜袋使‘岳苹’果实的硬度及果皮花青苷的含量分别降低了6.1%、10.0%和36.4%、35.3%;套塑膜袋摘袋使果实果糖和总糖的含量分别提高11.6%和6.8%;同时确定了‘岳苹’果实摘袋后采收的最佳时间为9~11天。     

生物炭之低碳农业初探

农业生产过程与全球气候变化息息相关,如何减少农业温室气体排放,并探寻土壤固炭方法已经成为当前农业与环境研究中的热点。全文旨在摸索一条由生物质碳化技术为基础的低碳农业发展的可能途径。从低碳这一热点问题出发,本文对低碳农业的定义、特征、途径进行了基本阐述,同时论述了生物炭的基本特征,及生物炭在应用上的农学和环境学价值,并重点讨论了如何利用生物炭发展以低能耗、低排放、低污染为特征的低碳农业的可能模式,最后指出了当前生物炭在低碳农业研究和利用方面所面临的问题和挑战。     

Genetic linkage map of Chinese native variety faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on simple sequence repeat markers

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker is a powerful tool for construction of genetic linkage map which can be applied for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker‐assisted selection (MAS). In this study, a genetic map of faba bean was constructed with SSR markers using a 129 F₂ individuals population derived from the cross of Chinese native variety 91825 (large seed) and K1563 (small seed). By screening 11 551 SSR primers between two parents, 149 primer pairs were detected polymorphic and used for F₂ population analysis. This SSR‐based genetic linkage map consisted of 15 linkage groups with 128 SSR. The map encompassed 1587 cM with an average genetic distance of 12.4 cM. The genetic map generated in this study will be beneficial for genetic studies of faba bean for identification of marker‐locus‐trait associations as well as comparative mapping among faba bean, pea and grasspea.     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.