The antagonist activity of lipid IVa on the stimulation by lipid A of TNF-alpha production from canine blood mononuclear cells

Lipid A, the active component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex. On the other hand, the synthetic precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, tetraacylated lipid IVa, is an agonist for TLR4 and MD-2 complex in murine, equine and feline cells but is an antagonist for lipid A in human cells. The aim of the study was to examine the function of canine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex on canine blood mononuclear cells (BMC), by analyzing lipid A- or lipid IVa-induction of TNF-α production from these cells in order to understand canine innate immune system. After 5-h culture of canine BMC with lipid A (lipid A culture) or lipid IVa (lipid IVa culture), the TNF-α, as determined by ELISA, had increased in the supernatants of the lipid A cultures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the TNF-α was undetectable in supernatant of lipid IVa-treated cultures. The TNF-α was statistically significantly different between the lipid A and lipid IVa cultures (100 and 1000 ng/ml). TNF-α production from canine BMC was inhibited, in a lipid IVa-dose-dependent manner, when the BMC were pre-cultured with lipid IVa for 60 min and then cultured with lipid A for 5h, while in control BMC cultures production if TNF-α was unchanged. These results indicate that the TNF-α production stimulated by lipid A was competed out by pre-exposing the BMC to lipid IVa. Thus, lipid A is an agonist for TNF-α production in canine BMC, whereas lipid IVa appears to be an antagonist against this lipid A stimulation of canine BMC.     

日本牛的遗传资源

本文扼要回顾了日本牛种资源的发展历史;介绍了日本牛的遗传资源状况和各主要牛种的特征特性;从日本牛的遗传可变性和遗传距离等方面分析了日本牛品种之间的遗传关系;并展望了日本黑毛和牛、日本褐牛、日本短角牛、日本无角牛、见岛牛、口子岛牛等日本牛种资源的发展前景。     

鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株基因型的研究

为了从基因水平确定鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株与其它狂犬病病毒的进化关系,应用RT-半嵌套式PCR技术,利用3条引物对病毒的核蛋白基因进行扩增、克隆及序列测定,并与已发表的狂犬病病毒株3aG、PV、CVS、HEP-Flury、RC-HL、Nishigahara、SADB19的核蛋白基因进行了比较分析。结果表明,8202株与其它7个病毒株均来源于同一个进化枝,属于基因Ⅰ型。     

荒漠草原区“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜丰产试验

试验对“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜进行不同的水肥耦合处理,并在不同生物期对其进行了生物量观测.试验结果表明,410 g丰产素与水以1∶1 000体积比混合喷洒200 L、浇水8000L的条件下,“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜的产量可以大幅度提高,播种后第3年其干草产量可由天然条件下的2 460 kg/hm2提高到5 430 kg/hm2.     

刈割强度对伊犁绢蒿叶功能性状及构件的影响

以新疆荒漠草地典型植物种伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidiumt ransiliense)为研究对象,通过生长季内多次采样方法(每30d采样一次),比较不同刈割强度比叶面积、叶干物质含量的变化及相互关系,以及对茎叶比和地下生物量变化的影响,以揭示伊犁绢蒿叶片对刈割胁迫的最佳响应机制,为建立模型估算单位面积生物生产力提供理论依据,并试图得出一个既可合理利用又利于种群更新的刈割强度阈值。结果表明,比叶面积和叶干物质含量在刈割后初期各刈割强度间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),个别达极显著差异(P<0.01),恢复一段时间后,各刈割强度间差异不显著;适度的刈割强度可增大伊犁绢蒿SLA与LDMC之间的相关性;除对照(CK)外,C2处理处于较高水平,说明适度刈割有助于伊犁绢蒿生殖枝的产生及生长,C2这种刈割强度在实际生产利用上占绝对优势;伊犁绢蒿根系干重随着刈割强度增大而增加。     

干旱对草坪草的影响

综述了干旱条件下草坪草的生态适应性,细胞膜、细胞壁、叶绿体超微结构的变化,草坪草对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应,以及提高草坪抗旱性的途径。     

超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响

研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.5%的超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂时断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取平均体重为(9.50±0.63)kg的28日龄断奶的健康仔猪54头,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组中包含3个重复,即每个处理有18头断奶仔猪,每个重复6头,公母各半,经统计分析,各处理间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验设1个对照组和2个试验组,具体处理如下:对照组饲喂基础日粮(不舍有抗生素等药物).试验I组为基础日粮0.02%黏杆菌素,试验Ⅱ组为基础日粮0.5%超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂.饲养期30 d.结果表明,试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量和日增重均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而试验Ⅱ组的料肉比和腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),并且试验Ⅱ组的饲喂效果要优于试验I组.因此,在该试验条件下,用超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂替代抗生素添加到断奶仔猪日粮中,能够保证断奶仔猪的健康生长.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中体外培养营养条件的研究

探讨E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养的营养条件,观察其发育过程。用鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养E.tenella,对子孢子接种基础培养基、营养物质含量及血清浓度进行了优选,并对优化营养条件下E.tenella的发育过程进行了观察。MEM199培养基中24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于DMEM培养基;MEM199培养基中叶酸、VB6、VB1的含量为6mg·L-1时,24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)高于其他组,分别为25.33%、12.67%和12.33%;MEM199培养基中葡萄糖含量为3000mg·L-1,胰岛素含量为0.40mg·L-1时,有较多的成熟裂殖体形成;接种子孢子后于4、48、96h换液,接种时和4、48h血清浓度为2.5%,96h为1%,有利于子孢子的后期发育;优化营养条件下,细胞接种子孢子后4、24、48、72、96、120h的细胞虫体感染率分别为42%、28%、20%、15%、13.67%、13.67%,且E.tenella可在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中完成内生发育过程,并形成卵囊。结果表明,获得了能使E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞完成整个内生发育的体外培养营养条件。     

In Vitro Activities of Antifungal Agents against Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes from Animals

Although the susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungal drugs is well documented in humans, the effectiveness in animals has not been previously investigated. The in vitro susceptibility of 54 clinical isolates from animal dermatophytoses to ketoconazole (KTZ), itaconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TFN) was measured using microdilution assay (CLSI M38-A2 test) and by the E-test (KTZ and ITZ). All 3 drugs showed antifungal activity, while KTZ displayed the broadest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) range (0.125-16 μg/ml) against M. canis and M. gypseum. The MIC of KTZ and ITZ was almost the same for human and animal isolates of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The MIC of TFN was almost the same for dermatophytes isolated from humans and animals.