陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊在青海湟源地区的生态适应性分析

为评定引入青海省湟源县良种肉羊繁育基地的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种的生态适应性,对其18个生理生化指标进行了系统测定分析,结果表明：①引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种大多数生理生化指标在品种内或不同品种间的不同性别、不同年龄个体间以及同性别、同年龄个体间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。②两绵羊品种所测血浆CO2结合力远超出本地藏绵羊水平;体温（T）、呼吸频率（R）、脉搏（P）和瘤胃蠕动频率以及白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白含量（HGB）的测定结果均大致在本地藏绵羊的各生理指标测定范围之内。③与已引入青海牧区的小尾寒羊大多数生理生化指标相比,本次引进的小尾寒羊在经过一段时间的适应性饲养后,其大多数生理生化指标已与其基本接近或一致;同时,引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊与原产地相应品种在基础生理指标上相比较接近。     

基于RS与GIS的保定市植被覆盖度动态变化

以1991、2004和2015年3个时相的TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,利用基于归一化植被指数（NDVI）的像元二分模型估算保定市植被覆盖度,对其进行等级划分,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明,1991—2015年,保定市植被覆盖度整体呈现下降的趋势,且不同区域存在差异现象。低植被与中低植被覆盖区面积整体呈增加趋势,而高植被覆盖区面积呈降低趋势。在4个研究分区中,保定市主城区植被覆盖度下降最为明显,1991—2015年的25年间,植被覆盖率下降了12.76%,平均每年下降约0.5%。研究发现,城市开发与建设及其导致的农用地减少等是植被覆盖度变化的主要原因。      

Retrospective serological survey of Porcine circovirus-2 infection in Mexico

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is considered a multifactorial emerging disease of which Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is the necessary infectious cause. However, retrospective studies have shown that PMWS is not a new disease and that PCV-2 has been circulating in pig farms for years. Most of these studies were performed in Europe and Asia; only a few were performed in North or South America.     

17O-核磁共振法研究农药微乳剂浊点与 其组份之间的相关性

农药微乳剂浊点是微乳剂的主要质量技术指标之一。研究了3种不同种类农药的微乳剂组份与浊点的关系,并利用17O-核磁共振(17O-NMR)方法对其机理进行了探究。研究表明:浊点与表面活性剂、助表面活性剂与水之间形成的氢键强度成正相关;随着水质硬度的上升,浊点下降。建议选用亲水性强的表面活性剂和极性较强的助表面活性剂来配制微乳剂,同时为了节约成本和便于工厂生产,可采用自来水来配制农药微乳剂,而采取其他措施来提高农药微乳剂的浊点。     

Seroepidemiological survey of maedi-visna virus infection in sheep and goat flocks in Quebec.

Maedi-visna, a chronic viral disease of adult sheep characterized by progressive dyspnoea or neurological manifestations, was first recognized and described clinically in Canada in 1970. Seroepidemiological study was conducted in sheep and goats in various areas of Quebec. Sera of 10% of the animals of selected flocks were collected and specific antibodies against maedi-visna virus were tested by a modified direct complement fixation test. Results show seropositive rate of 67.6% for Sherbrooke sheep; of 40.5, 41.1 and 47.1% for Quebec, Saint-Hyacinthe and Nicolet sheep respectively and only 29.2 and 20.0% positive sera in l'Assomption and Rimouski animals. Prevalence rate of positive goats varied according to geographic areas (0 to 36.8%). Statistical analysis of various factors, e.g. age, breed, mode of raising, origin and size of flock showed no relation between these factors and the geographic areas. But, some clinical problems in the sheep flocks such as cough, rapid breathing, mortality and abortion were associated with high infection rate (greater than or equal to 50%) to maedi-visna virus. In goats, no correlation was demonstrated between these clinical signs and serological results. Our results suggest that it is important to consider this disease in an adequate program of preventive medicine in Quebec.     

Breast cancer stem cells cultured without insulin and effect of estrogen induction

AIM:To determine whether suspension culture medium without insulin can be used to feed breast cancer tumorsphere, or not. METHODS:MCF7 cells were used to build tumorsphere. The morphological changes, CD44+ CD24- expression, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression and multiple division ability were measured to identify the breast cancer stem cells and to detect the function of 17β-estradiol (E2β) in tumorsphere of MCF7 cells. RESULTS:The tumorshere, each containing 30 to 60 cells, was obtained by the method of insulin-removal suspension culture. These cells were cytokeratin 18 and CD10 proteins positive, and the number of CD44+ CD24- cells and ALDH1 protein expression were significantly higher than the adherent cultured cells (P<0.05). Using 10-10 mol/L E2β to treat the tumorshere for 7 d, the tumor cell number and volume were significantly increased. Using 10-10 mol/L E2β to treat the tumorshere for 24 h, the CD44+ CD24-cells and ALDH1 protein expression were significantly higher than those in non-treatment group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Suspension culture medium without insulin can be used to feed breast cancer tumorsphere. These tumorsphere could be used as a model to determine the function of E2β in breast cancer stem cell research.     

刺梨果实主要抗氧化组分对机械伤及 UV-B 胁迫的响应

 以‘贵农5 号’刺梨为材料,研究了果实发育过程中主要抗氧化组分对机械伤及UV-B 胁迫的响应。结果表明：机械伤和UV-B 处理均可诱导刺梨果实中H2O2 等自由基的产生,并促使膜脂过氧化水平增加;但抗氧化系统对两种胁迫的响应模式不尽相同：机械伤胁迫下抗氧化酶POD、SOD 以及非酶组分AsA、GSH 均受快速产生的H2O2 等自由基诱导,表现出快速应激响应;之后这两种抗氧化酶呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而AsA 和GSH 则一直保持在较高水平。在UV-B 处理中,需要较长时间额外增加UV-B辐射才会有效增加成熟果实中SOD、AsA 及GSH 等组分的活性或积累;而在减弱紫外处理时,SOD、POD和GSH 的变化均表现出前期升高后期回落的趋势。机械伤和UV-B 胁迫下,CAT 和APX 等酶只是间或或根本无法检测到活性。总体上看,POD + SOD 以及AsA + GSH 的共同作用是刺梨果实在这两种胁迫下抗氧化反应的主要机制。     

外源施加多胺对提高玉米种子耐冷性的研究

以玉米耐冷自交系辽2386和冷敏感自交系辽6082为材料,研究了以外源施加精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)作为引发剂,对玉米种子吸胀中的耐冷性、发芽能力和苗期生物量的影响,探讨利用外源多胺缓解玉米低温胁迫的相关机制。结果表明,种子经Spd和Spm引发低温(5℃)吸胀后,辽6082发芽率为93%,和引发前相比显著提高了12%,且苗高显著提高了44.62%,苗鲜重显著增加了26.76%。同时,Spd和Spm引发提高了低温胁迫期间两自交系胚中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量。自交系辽2386在种子吸胀期间的耐冷性强于辽6082,而不同自交系、不同器官对多胺敏感性不同。总之,Spd和Spm处理能提高玉米种子吸胀期间的耐冷性,提高低温胁迫下种子的抗氧化能力和发芽能力。     

基于分子技术的柑橘黄龙病研究进展

黄龙病是柑橘生产上的一种毁灭性病害。近年来该病害在世界多个柑橘主产区发生与流行,使其再次引起了世界柑橘生产者和研究者的高度关注。目前认为柑橘黄龙病病原是一种韧皮部难养细菌,暂命名为"Candidatus Liberibacter spp."。随着现代分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,柑橘黄龙病相关菌的全基因组和柑橘全基因组序列日趋完善。我们在这一大背景下主要介绍近5 a来柑橘黄龙病分子水平的研究概况,特别是在分子流行学、基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、病原致病性和寄主抗病性分子机理及防控方法等方面的进展,并对目前研究中存在的困难进行分析,对今后的研究方向进行展望。