北京鸭(Z4)、樱桃谷鸭和奥白星鸭生产性能对比试验

中国北京鸭(PekingDuck)以体型外貌美观、生长快、抗病力强、适应性广、繁殖率高、肉品质优良而闻名于世,已经成为世界各国肉鸭生产的主导品种。Z型北京鸭是中国农科院畜牧研究所在传统北京鸭基础上经过20多年选育形成的北京鸭新品系,其商品代肉鸭的生长速度和饲料转化率得到了一定的改进。试验的目的是比较英国樱桃谷公司和法国克里莫公司选育的北京鸭(以下简称樱桃谷鸭和奥白星鸭)商品代与Z型北京鸭商品代[北京鸭(Z4)]的体型和体重、体尺等指标的差异。1材料与方法1.1试验动物与日粮选择体重相近的北京鸭(Z4)、樱桃谷鸭和奥白星鸭初生…     

道塞特、萨福克与阿勒泰羊5月龄杂交公羔肉品质分析

选取5月龄萨福克×阿勒泰(SAF1、SAF2)、道塞特×阿勒泰(DAF1、DAF2)杂交一、二代羔羊与同龄阿勒泰羊(ALT)各3只,对肉品质进行分析。结果表明:5月龄杂交羔羊肉品质得到明显改善,特别是蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸含量变化尤为明显,且杂交二代优于杂交一代,杂交组合SA优于DA。     

酸、镉胁迫对金丝草种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚显微结构的影响

金丝草可在土壤酸化和镉污染的矿区正常生长,其可能对酸和镉(Cd)胁迫具有特殊的响应策略。为此,以金丝草种子为试验材料,在人工气候箱中进行种子萌发试验,设置不同酸(pH 5.5、4.5、3.5)和镉(5、10、20 mg·L^-1)胁迫处理,分析不同胁迫条件下金丝草种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系质膜完整性及芽亚显微结构等指标的差异。结果表明:酸胁迫可提高金丝草种子发芽率,不同酸胁迫处理其发芽率均与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);随pH的逐渐减小,金丝草萌发指标呈减小趋势,pH 3.5处理,金丝草种子除发芽率外的其他萌发指标均显著小于对照(P<0.05);随着Cd浓度的增加,金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长指标值均呈逐渐减小的趋势,表现出抑制作用,但Cd 20 mg·L^-1处理金丝草种子发芽率仍可达40%以上。相关性分析和隶属函数值分析发现,pH大于3.5,Cd浓度小于10 mg·L^-1对金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著影响,但随pH的进一步减小和Cd浓度的提高,对金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制作用明显,根尖质膜和芽亚显微结构造成较大损害,出现细胞器膜破裂和细胞空泡化等现象。综上,金丝草种子萌发对酸和镉胁迫有较强耐性,表现出轻度酸和镉胁迫对种子萌发和幼苗生长促进,而强酸和镉胁迫则抑制。     

沙地生境不同苜蓿品种形态特征对低温的响应及其与抗寒性关系

为筛选适合科尔沁沙地种植抗寒性强的苜蓿品种,本试验探究了沙地生境下不同苜蓿品种在低温锻炼期的形态特征,并分析其与苜蓿半致死温度的关系。研究表明：低温锻炼期“肇东”和“公农1号”苜蓿休眠较早;“肇东”、“东苜1号”和“草原3号”对低温较敏感;随季节性降温苜蓿秋眠芽数增加,根颈增粗,根重增加,根长增长,根冠比增大。根颈活力法拟合Logistic方程所得半致死温度表明,8个苜蓿品种抗寒性排序为“东苜1号” > “草原3号” > “农菁1号” > “公农1号” > “龙牧801” > “肇东” > “农菁8号” > “草原2号”;相关性分析表明苜蓿半致死温度与苜蓿根重呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）,而与其他生长指标无显著相关关系。“东苜1号”、“草原3号”等抗寒性较强的苜蓿品种适合在科尔沁沙地区域种植。     

紫花苜蓿个体性状对土壤磷素供给能力的响应研究

磷元素是影响紫花苜蓿生产的主要限制因素之一,通过研究苜蓿个体性状对不同土壤磷素供给水平的响应,有助于揭示磷元素对苜蓿生产力的影响途径,进而为苜蓿产业的发展提供理论依据.本研究利用有效磷(P2O5)含量低于3 mg/kg的土壤设置(P2O5)0,30,90,180 mg/kg 4个磷肥添加梯度,形成4种具有不同磷素供给水...     

通辽地区紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究

通过对紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究，表明通辽地区紫花苜蓿田有13科31种杂草，以一年生杂草为主；优势杂草藜、酸模叶蓼、打碗花、稗、反枝苋等呈集群分布；主要杂草发生时间在紫花苜蓿播种后10d左右进入出苗高峰期；一年生杂草大量发生时间在5～6月份，二年生和多年生杂草易常年发生；以禾本科稗草，阔叶类杂草藜、反枝苋、酸模叶蓼、打碗花发生最为普遍，危害严重。     

Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Compensation on Weight,Serum Indexes and Gene Expression of Chest Fat Adipokines in Mongolian Lamb

To study the effect of nutrient restriction and compensation on weight,serum indexes and gene expression of chest fat adipokine in Mongolian lamb,thirty male lambs were randomly divided into control group (20.26 kg± 3.63 kg) and feed restricted group (21.29 kg±3.00 kg).The experiment lasted for 120 days,including 60 days for feed restriction and 60 days for compensatory feed.At the end of each stage,five lambs from each group were slaughtered and chest fat was collected.Serum concentration of triglycerides,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA),total cholesterol were measured.Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine Adiponectin,Visfatin,PPAR-γ and ACC genes expression.The results showed that:①The lamb body weight of restricted group kept maintain level and that of control group showed a increase tendency.During the compensatory period,the average daily gain (ADG) of restricted group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).②During the restriction period,serum triglycerides concentration of lambs in restricted group was significantly decreased at day 30 and 60 (P< 0.05),and NEFA concentration was significantly increased at day 30 (P< 0.05).After 60 days of nutritional compensation,all serum parameters we tested were not significantly different between restrict group and control group (P >0.05).③During the restriction period,PPAR-γ and ACC gene expression in restricted group were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found during the compensation period (P>0.05).Adiponectin and Visfatin genes expression in chest fat was not significantly changed throughout the experiment (P >0.05).We could know that nutritional restriction reduced fatty acid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation ability,adipose tissue was mobilized energy metabolism,and total cholesterol was recoveried growth on the compensation.However,the ACC and PPAR-γ genes in restricted group were significantly decreased with the body weight increased rapidly during the compensatory stage.Adiponectin and Visfatin were not significantly different between restricted and compensatory stages.     

向海地区绿头鸭体内1膜壳属(Hymenolepis spp.)绦虫的分离鉴定

为了对绿头鸭肠道内分离的绦虫进行种属鉴定,本试验对向海地区的10只绿头鸭小肠内分离出的3条绦虫进行了形态学和分子生物学的鉴定。经形态学观察测量发现,该绦虫为小型绦虫,全长35 mm,头节呈球形,具有4个吸盘和1个短而圆、可自由伸缩的顶突。顶突上有20～30个小钩,排成一圈。成节有3个圆球形的睾丸,横列在节片中部,储精囊较发达,符合膜壳属绦虫的形态学特征。扩增cox1基因序列并进行序列建树分析,结果支持该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。综合该虫的形态学特征及分子生物学分析,确定该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。     

日本牛的遗传资源

本文扼要回顾了日本牛种资源的发展历史;介绍了日本牛的遗传资源状况和各主要牛种的特征特性;从日本牛的遗传可变性和遗传距离等方面分析了日本牛品种之间的遗传关系;并展望了日本黑毛和牛、日本褐牛、日本短角牛、日本无角牛、见岛牛、口子岛牛等日本牛种资源的发展前景。     

20种中药对奶牛乳房炎病原菌抑菌效果比较

乳房炎给奶牛业造成巨大的经济损失.尤其是隐性乳房炎,发病率高,不易治愈.据报道,在美国和日本等发达国家,2001年奶牛乳房炎的头阳性率高达50%,乳区阳性率为20%～30%;