Error analysis of worm grinding wheel precise dressing by diamond roller with straight profile

In worm grinding wheel dressing with diamond roller, using straight line instead of theoretical curve of roller will result in dressing error. Method of the precise dressing is studied, while the mathematical model is presented. Theoretical curve of diamond roller is calculated based on the space meshing theory and helicoid equation of worm grinding wheel. The fitting error between the theoretical curve and approximate straight line which is obtained by the theoretical curve is calculated. The dressing error on normal section of worm grinding wheel is analyzed. The case study of a kind of worm grinding wheel with single head shows that the dressing error increases with diameter decreasing of worm grinding wheel and diamond roller, while the variation of diamond roller’s diameter makes little contribution. The validity of worm grinding wheel dressing using straight line diamond roller is proved, and the algorithm can be used as guidance in practice.     

中原农区农地流转主要模式比较分析

为全面掌握中原农区农地流转状况,通过对村级层面微观案例比较分析,归纳出中原农区农地流转的5种主要模式--农户自发流转模式、基层组织引领模式、龙头企业引领模式、农民专业合作社引领模式和土地银行模式,并对每种模式中流转主体的权利和义务、流转的规范和公平性、流转的效益等特征进行对比分析。提出了因地制宜选择适宜的流转模式,发挥政府部门的规范、引导和监督作用,加强村集体的组织协调作用,建立农地流转中介机构,出台对农地流转的激励措施等政策建议。     

从地下的角度分析膜下滴灌棉花发生早衰的可能机制

在膜下滴灌条件下,棉花早衰问题严重。在对国内外关于棉花早衰研究成果及膜下滴灌条件特殊根区微环境深入分析的基础上,提出了膜下滴灌棉花早衰原因的合理假设,认为不合理的根系构型及其高蕾铃负荷是造成膜下滴灌棉花早衰的根本原因：膜下滴灌条件下棉花根系生长和构型分布发生的明显变化不利于棉花根系吸收土壤深层的水分和养分,抗逆性减弱,对环境的改变无法做出及时的反应,加之覆膜增温及优越的水肥供应,棉花地上部生长良好,蕾铃负担增加,一旦遇到逆境条件,在高蕾铃负荷前提下,即使对根系养分吸收功能最轻微的损害或者暂时的养分供应短缺均有可能造成对地上部养分供应的不足并发生早衰。因此,如何通过调控构建与地上部生长更为匹配的、构型分布更加合理的、抗逆性更强的棉花根系就成为解决膜下滴灌棉花早衰问题的关键。     

红树内生细菌AmS2防治香蕉采后炭疽病的研究

采用平板对峙结合生长速率法测定分析了红树内生细菌AmS2菌株及其甲醇粗提液对香蕉炭疽病菌的抑制活性,并对其甲醇粗提液的防病效果进行了研究。结果表明,红树内生细菌AmS2菌株及其甲醇粗提液对香蕉炭疽病菌的抑菌带宽分别为12.0 mm和11.5 mm;毒力测定结果表明,AmS2甲醇粗提液对香蕉炭疽病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有较强的抑制作用,EC50分别为1.007 6 mg/mL和1.902 8 mg/mL;AmS2菌株的甲醇粗提液对香蕉炭疽病具有较好的防治效果,且随着提取液浓度的加大,防治效果不断提高,当AmS2甲醇粗提液使用浓度为4.0 mg/mL时,对接种香蕉炭疽病菌10 d后的防治效果为79.83%。     

平塘县玉米地膜覆盖栽培技术要点及成效

平塘县属典型的喀斯特山区,土地破碎,水源条件较差,实施玉米半膜覆盖保墒技术项目能增温保墒,弥补温、光、水资源的不足,从而提高玉米产量。在农村劳动力少、常年干旱情况下,实行玉米地膜覆盖栽培,既减少劳动力投入又起到增收目的。对平塘县2012年实施玉米地膜覆盖主要栽培技术及应用效果进行分析总结,可供贵州山区实施地膜覆盖提供参考。     

烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望

综述了烟草常用育苗基质材料如草炭、蛭石、稻谷壳、玉米秸秆的特性。从容重、粒径、孔隙度和气水比角度简述了烟草替代基质的物理特性评价方法,从阳离子代换量、pH和腐植酸方面回顾了替代基质的化学特性评价方法,从烟苗的农艺性状和生理生化指标方面归纳了替代基质的生物特性评价方法。论文总结了目前烟草无机替代基质如砂体基质、粉煤灰基质等以及有机替代基质如花生壳基质、炭化谷壳基质、玉米秸秆基质、蚯蚓肥基质、菌糠基质等的替代效果,认为烟草替代基质仍需从材料的选择、国家标准的制定、微生物菌剂的添加3个方面进一步开展科学研究。     

白菜型冬油菜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)基因的克隆、表达及其活性分析

抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)是一种在逆境条件下清除细胞内氧自由基、增强植物抗逆性的关键酶。本研究根据已发表植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因APX的同源保守序列设计引物, 采用RT-PCR扩增超强抗寒白菜型冬油菜陇油7号的DNA, 获得APX基因开放阅读框, 长度为753 bp, 编码250个氨基酸残基, 推导的氨基酸序列具有APX蛋白的典型特征。生物信息学分析显示, 与已报道的大白菜的APX氨基酸序列同源性达到99%, 该酶蛋白具有高度的进化保守性, 其保守序列属于植物的POD超家族, APX相对分子质量和理论等电点依次为27.7 kD和5.58;APX基因无信号肽, 是一个亲水性蛋白, 可推测其定位于细胞质中;二级结构预测表明陇油7号的APX是由不规则卷曲和α-螺旋组成的稳定蛋白。实时荧光定量PCR和酶活性分析显示, 该基因表达和酶活性受低温胁迫诱导, 表明该基因在白菜型冬油菜陇油7号适应低温胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

Seismic Response Analysis of Transmission Tower-line System under Multi-component Ground Motion Excitations

Seismic responses of power transmission tower-line system under multi-component excitations were analyzed by numerical simulation. A three-dimensional finite element model of transmission tower-line coupled system considering the geometric nonlinearity of transmission line was established. Twelve seismic records of different soil types were selected based on Code for Design of Seismic of Electrical Installations. Seismic responses of power transmission tower-line system under single component, two horizontal component and multi-component excitations were investigated using nonlinear time history analysis method, respectively. The results show that the responses of transmission tower-line system under multi-component excitations are significantly larger than those under single component excitation only, especially for considering vertical ground motion excitation only, and neglecting multiple nature of ground motion in analysis will underestimate the responses of the structure. To obtain an accurate seismic response and a better seismic design of transmission tower-line system, multi-component ground motion inputs need to be considered. The results provide reference for seismic design of transmission line practical engineering.     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

Development of integrated reactors for domestic garbage and town sludge

Aiming at domestic garbage aerobic compost and town sludge anaerobic treatment, on the basis of reactor TISTD (the integrated of sludge thickening and digestion)which is developed by the authors’ team, a TIDGTS (the integrated of domestic garbage and town sludge)reactor is designed.The reactor is made up of garbage and sludge chambers.Aerobic compost is adopted in the garbage chamber, while anaerobic fermentation is used in the sludge chamber, thus garbage and sludge can be treated in the same reactor.32~36 ℃ of sludge digestion can be ensured by the heat from sludge digestion, and 20 L sludge and 15 kg garbage can be treated per day.While inlet sludge moisture content is 97.2%~99.8% and VS/TS is 0.45~0.69, the discharged sludge moisture content is 92.7%~96.1% and VS/TS is 0.28~0.42.When the inlet garbage moisture content is 73.5% and VS/TS is 0.65~0.88, the discharged garbage moisture content is 48.6% and VS/TS is 0.32~0.44.The results show that the efficiency of concentration and digestion is near to TISTD which is heated by heating wire.