犬声带切除术的研究

犬声带切除术是目前小动物临床外科的常见手术，主要目的是消除或降低犬的吠叫声音。切除声带的手术途径有两种，即经口腔切除和经腹侧喉室切除。选取20只2岁左右的杂种犬，随机分成2组。第l组采用腹侧喉室声带切除术，术后半年的消声率为80oA；第2组采用经口腔声带切除术，术后半年的消声率为40％。但采用经口腔声带切除术，手术比较简便和快捷，损伤小，恢复较快。因此，经口腔声带切除术是一种较好的犬声带切除方法。     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞来源于附植前胚胎的内细胞团或附植后胎儿的原始生殖细胞具有发育全能性的细胞。本文从它的研究概况、生物学特性、胚胎干细胞的分离培养与建系等方面做一概述。     

RNAi导致基因沉默的机制和应用进展

RNAi主要通过双链RNA(dsRNA)被核酸酶切割成21~23 nt的干涉性小的RNA,即siRNA,由siRNA介导识别并靶向切割同源性靶mRNA分子而实现的；RNAi需要多种蛋白质因子以及ATP参与,而且具有生物催化反应特征；RNAi具有高效性和高度特异性,作为一种关闭特定基因的新技术,为基因功能研究提供了一个快速、简便的方法,在后基因组时代应用前景广阔。     

Effects of immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition on nutritional status,immunity and inflammatory responses in postoperative patients with portal hypertension surgery

AIM:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of postoperative immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition on the nutritional statue,immune function,and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective,randomized and controlled clinical trial. Forty-two patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery were randomly assigned to receive either an immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition(adding glutamine and recombinant human growth hormone,n=22) or an isocaloric and isonitrogenous control standard parenteral nutrition(n=20) for seven days. Parenteral nutrition was initiated 3 days after surgery. Blood samples were obtained on day 0,3,and 10. Host nutritional statue was evaluated by measuring levels of prealbumin and transferrin,immunity was observed by measuring levels of CD4+ cells,CD8+ cells,CD4+/CD8+,IgG,IgM and IgA,and the inflammatory responses was determined by assessing IL-2,TNF-α and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels. RESULTS:On postoperative day 10,among patients receiving an immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition,prealbumin,transferrin,CD4+ cells,CD4+/CD8+,IgG and IL-2 levels were significantly higher than those in control group,and TNF-α and CRP concentrations were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. CONCLUSION:Postoperative administration of immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery can improve postoperative nutritional statue and immune function,and relieve inflammatory response.     

不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤水分动态、耗水量和产量的影响

为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响,于2005年4～11月在密云水库上游地区新城子蔡家甸有机苹果基地布设了3种灌溉方式(管灌、滴灌和微喷灌)及对照(不灌溉)共4个处理、3个重复的对比试验.分别在苹果树开花期、枝条速长期、成熟期和封冻前灌水,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定灌水量.结果表明:(1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,微喷灌、滴灌处理的0～60 cm土层土壤含水率较高,入渗深度在80 cm以内,未产生水分深层渗漏.管灌向下入渗深度大于微喷灌和滴灌,达到120 cm.(2)在整个生育期内,微喷灌和滴灌处理比管灌节约灌水量分别是31.99%和49.83%;微喷灌和滴灌条件下果园耗水量较管灌分别减少11.52%和12.49%.(3)从产量来看,微喷灌、滴灌、管灌产量分别比对照高25.74%、9.99%和0.78%;微喷灌产量达到51 000 kg/hm2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.288 kg/m3.总体看来,微喷灌是相对较好的节水增效灌溉方式,值得在果园灌溉中应用.     

MicroRNA-9-5p mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 in paraventricular nucleus of rats with T2D

AIM To investigate whether microRNA-9-5p （miR-9-5p） mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 （potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3） gene,which encoded small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3 （SK3） protein, in paraventricular nucleus （PVN） of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2D）. METHODS A rat model of T2D was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. The levels of miR-9-5p and KCNN3 mRNA in PVN were detected by real-time PCR. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p was predicted by TargetScan. Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV）-miR-9-5p or KCNN3 were bilaterally microinjected into the PVN to observe the changes in plasma glucose levels and sympathetic drive indicators. The number of FosB and SK3 positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of SK3 was determined by Western blot. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p were confirmed by cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with the rats in diabetes control （DC） group, the blood glucose, sympathetic drive indexes and the level of miR-9-5p in PVN were significantly increased, while the SK3 expression in PVN was obviously reduced in the diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. After microinjecion of rAAV-miR-9-5p in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes, blood glucose, and the number of FosB-positive cells were increased significantly, but the SK3 protein expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. However, up-regulation of KCNN3 in PVN had the opposite effect. These responses were obviously enhanced in DM rats compared with DC rats. The results of cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9-5p bound to the 3’-UTR of KCNN3 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSION miR-9-5p was up-regulated in PVN of the rats with T2D, and it may mediate sympathoexcitation by targeting KCNN3.     

基于声卡输出的沼气池温度调节实验装置设计

以Labview软件和DAQ2213数据采集卡为平台,首先设计了沼气池发酵温度监测系统,运用PID控制算法,以声卡为信号输出设备,结合自制执行电路,实现了水泵的转速调节,实现沼气池温度的控制。该系统界面友好,易于操作,而且可扩展性强,整套装置利于研究沼气池温度调节控制方案。     

苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中的营养物质含量动态变化研究

为探讨苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中营养物质含量的动态变化规律,对含水量为15%、打捆密度为150kg/m3的苜蓿草捆在不同贮藏时间(1、10、30、90、180、360d)营养物质含量和相对饲喂价值(RFV)的动态变化情况进行研究。结果表明,在整个贮藏过程中,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)含量总体呈下降趋势,与贮藏1d时相比,不同贮藏时间段苜蓿干草的CP含量均显著下降(P<0.05);从CP含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到2级。苜蓿干草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏360d时的NDF含量显著高于贮藏时间在90d之内的NDF含量(P<0.05);从NDF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量也随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏10d之后ADF含量开始显著增加(P<0.05);从ADF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。贮藏时间在30d以上的苜蓿干草DMI值显著低于贮藏时间在30d之内的DMI值(P<0.05);从DMI值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到3级。贮藏时间在90d以上的苜蓿干草DDM值显著低于贮藏时间在90d之内的DDM值(P<0.05);从DDM值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。随着贮藏时间的延长,苜蓿干草的RFV值显著降低(P<0.05),且在贮藏180~360d的时间段内,RFV值下降幅度较大;从RFV值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。综合比较,苜蓿干草在贮藏180d之后营养价值大幅度下降,因此,在贮藏180d之内出售或者饲喂家畜比较适合。     

苹果bZIP转录因子基因MdAREB2功能的初步研究

对‘嘎拉’苹果中的1个bZIP转录因子基因MdAREB2(序列号:MDP0000248567)进行功能初步研究。蛋白进化树分析表明,苹果MdAREB2与拟南芥AtAREB2具有很高的同源性。利用PlantCare数据库进行启动子顺式作用元件的预测分析,MdAREB2启动子序列中存在脱落酸响应元件ABRE。实时定量PCR检测表明,MdAREB2明显受ABA诱导。拟南芥种子萌发阶段经过0.5和2μmol·L~(-1)ABA处理后发现突变体abi5中过量表达MdAREB2能够恢复对ABA的敏感性。拟南芥幼苗生长阶段,经过20μmol·L~(-1) ABA处理后发现,突变体abi5中过量表达MdAREB2能够部分恢复对ABA的敏感性。