从相对资源承载力角度探讨延安市可持续发展问题

本文采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法 ,计算分析了 1 95 2～ 2 0 0 1年延安市相对自然资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力及其演化过程。研究表明 :1延安市的土地资源对综合承载力的贡献大于经济资源 ,是延安市人口的主要承载资源。2延安市的综合承载力经历了先上升后下降的阶段 ,并且保持着下降的趋势。3延安市的自然资源承载力处于富余状态 ,经济资源承载力处于超载状态。4针对上述问题 ,应采取调控自然资源、发展经济资源、控制人口增长等对策 ,以推进延安市的可持续发展。     

‘金二十世纪’梨果实ABA代谢酶基因克隆及其表达分析

为了解ABA对‘金二十世纪’梨果实成熟的调控作用,本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析测定了果实成熟过程中果皮、果肉和种子内源ABA含量变化,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从该梨果实中克隆得到了2个ABA关键合成酶(NCED)和1个关键降解酶(CYP707A)基因,分别命名为PpNCED1、PpNCED2和PpCYP707A1,并对其进行了表达分析。结果显示:随着果实成熟,果皮中ABA含量持续增加,果肉和种子中ABA含量于采收前10d达到峰值后下降。果皮和果肉中,PpNCED2表达量显著高于PpNCED1,且与ABA含量变化趋势一致,是果皮和果肉中ABA生物合成的主效基因。种子中,PpNCED1和PpNCED2表达量均很高,是种子中ABA生物合成的主效基因。果皮、果肉和种子中PpCYP707A1表达模式与ABA含量变化趋势相反,是ABA含量变化的主要负调控基因。综上,ABA可能调控‘金二十世纪’梨果实成熟进程,而ABA含量水平是由合成酶和降解酶基因共同调控的,且不同组织中ABA生物合成的主效基因存在差异。     

桃不同树形光合特性的研究

【目的】研究不同树形对桃树光合特性的影响。【方法】以6年生桃品种‘甜桃王’为试材,于2007年6~10月份,对开心形和纺锤形2种树形桃树的相关光合特性指标进行了测定,分析了不同树形光合特性的差异。【结果】(1)开心形和纺锤形桃树叶片光合速率的年变化均呈单峰型曲线,且峰值均出现在9月;同一月内,开心形桃树与纺锤形桃树的光合速率无显著差异。(2)开心形和纺锤形桃树的光合速率和光合有效辐射日变化均呈双峰曲线,峰值均出现在11:00和15:00;13:00时开心形桃树的光合速率显著高于纺锤形,其他时间二者间无显著差异;同一时间内纺锤形桃树的光合有效辐射始终显著高于开心形。(3)开心形和纺锤形桃树不同叶幕层的光合速率和光合有效辐射日变化均呈双峰曲线,且在同一时间内,两种树形上层、中层叶幕的光合速率均显著高于下层叶幕。(4)开心形和纺锤形桃树的冠层温度差异不显著,纺锤形树形冠层内的相对湿度均显著高于开心形。【结论】建议在桃树栽培中采用纺锤形树形,其可以在不影响对光能合理利用的条件下提高栽植密度、增加产量和经济效益。     

不同改良材料对铜的吸附-解吸特性研究

用一次平衡实验法进行腐植酸、草炭、绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和上海灰潮土对Cu2+吸附解吸特性的研究。结果表明:在相同pH条件下,所有材料对Cu2+的吸附量随平衡液中Cu2+浓度的增加而增大,其等温吸附曲线均能较好地用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行拟合。Cu2+初始浓度较小时,绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和草炭对Cu2+的吸附量不受pH的影响;Cu2+初始浓度较大时,供试材料对Cu2+吸附量具有随pH值增加而增加的趋势,但随着pH的增加,供试材料对Cu2+的解吸率呈逐渐降低的趋势。腐植酸和灰潮土对Cu2+的吸附量随pH的增加有逐渐增大的现象,其解吸率则随pH增加先增大后减小。各供试材料中,绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和草炭对重金属铜的吸持固定能力最强,环境调节控制能力最佳,对Cu2+的吸附容量大小顺序为绿化植物废弃物>活化绿化植物废弃物>草炭>腐植酸>灰潮土。绿化植物废弃物可以替代草炭用于城市土壤铜污染修复。     

小麦族的基因组显性及其育种学意义

小麦族包含大量由不同基因组组成的异源多倍体物种。同一个异源多倍体物种的不同基因组可能对表型性状产生非对称性贡献,例如小麦属多倍体物种的形态分类特性,更像其A基因组供体物种,这种现象称为A基因组显性。由于基因组显性,小麦族形成了以A、D、U、St为轴心(显性)基因组的异源多倍体物种簇。异源多倍体物种的基因组显性可能与其进化适应优势的形成有关。在育种方面,基因组显性影响多倍体新作物开发及小麦-外源染色体易位设计。     

Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits

Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants known and the main carotene in ripe tomato, is very important for human health. Light is well known to be one of the most important environmental stimuli influencing lycopene biosynthesis; specifically, red light induces higher lycopene content in tomato. However, whether blue light promotes lycopene synthesis remains elusive and exactly how light stimulation promotes lycopene synthesis remains unclear. We applied supplemental blue and red lighting on tomato plants at anthesis to monitor the effect of supplemental blue and red lighting on lycopene synthesis. Our results showed that supplemental blue/red lighting induced higher lycopene content in tomato fruits; furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes in the lycopene synthesis pathway was induced by supplemented blue/red light. The expression of light signaling components, such as red-light receptor phytochromes (PHYs), blue-light receptor cryptochromes (CRYs) and light interaction factors, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) were up- or down-regulated by blue/red lighting. Thus, blue and red light increased lycopene content in tomatoes by inducing light receptors that modulate HY5 and PIFs activation to mediate phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) gene expression. These results provide a sound theoretical basis for further elucidation of the light regulating mechanism of lycopene synthesis in tomatoes, and for instituting a new generation of technological innovations for the enhancement of lycopene accumulation in crop production.     

Differences in Organic C Mineralization Between Aerobic and Submerged Conditions in Paddy Soils of Southern Jiangsu Province, China

Moisture regime plays a crucial role in the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC). In this paper, the dynamics of SOC mineralization in typical paddy soils of Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China, was investigated by incubation test in laboratory. The differences in SOC mineralization under aerobic and submerged conditions of paddy soils were also studied. Results showed that the daily mineralization of SOC under different moisture regimes was significantly different in the whole incubation period, at the beginning of the incubation, it decreased quickly under aerobic condition, but increased rapidly under submerged condition, and both remained constant after 10 d of incubation. The differences in SOC mineralization were found to be mainly at the beginning period of the incubation and decreased along with the incubation time. Thus, the difference was not significantly different at the later incubation period. The respiration intensity, daily and cumulative mineralization of SOC under aerobic condition was 2.26–19.11, 0.96–2.41, and 0.96–2.41 times than those under submerged condition, respectively. Statistic analyses showed that the higher the contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the more significant difference in respiration intensity between aerobic and submerged conditions, but the higher the contents of microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon, the more significant difference in daily mineralization of SOC between the two conditions. The decrease in soil microbial activity under submerged condition was the main reason leading to the decrease in respiration intensity, but the decrease in SOC mineralization was also correlated with the changes in dissolved organic carbon over the whole incubation period.     

可可种质资源多样性与创新利用研究进展

就可可种质资源在起源、分布、传播、分类、鉴定及种质创新与利用等方面取得的研究进展进行综述。可可属植物有22种,仅可可(Theobroma cacao)和大花可可(Theobroma grandiflorum)用于栽培。可可种质资源多样性丰富,其分类研究经历了传统形态学划分的Criollo、Forastero和Trinitario遗传类群到现代分子标记划分的Maran~on、Curaray、Criollo、Iquitos、Nanay、Contamana、Amelonado、Purús、Nacional和Guiana遗传类群。目前,可可的生产性品种选育仍以实生选种和芽变选种为主。分子标记的开发、遗传连锁图谱的构建和全基因组测序的完成,为实现可可分子标记辅助育种提供了技术保障。     

不同温度条件下生物质炭陈化对华南集约化菜地土壤反硝化过程的影响

【目的】比较不同温度下新鲜生物质炭与陈化生物质炭对华南集约化菜地土壤N₂O排放的影响,以深化对生物质炭减排机理的认识。【方法】本研究采用乙炔抑制法进行室内培养试验,共设置3个温度梯度(10℃、20℃和30℃)和3个生物质炭处理：无生物质炭(CK)、新鲜生物质炭(FB)以及田间陈化生物质炭(FAB),共9个处理。同时,各处理分别设置不加乙炔和添加10%体积含量乙炔的平行处理,以测定N₂O排放量并作差计算N₂排放量。对不含乙炔处理则测定土壤pH、电导率(EC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、 NO₃^-、 NH-4⁺、 NO₂^-含量,以及土壤中反硝化功能基因nirS、nirK、nosZ和nosZⅡ的丰度。【结果】温度升高显著增加了菜地土壤N₂O和N₂的排放量,显著提高了土壤pH和土壤NH₄⁺含量,并明显降低了DOC和NO₃     

Effect of DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region on hepatic injury induced by homocysteine

AIM: To explore the role of DNA methylation of microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p) promoter region in hepatic injury. METHODS: Four-week-old normal mice and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) single gene knockout mice were used and divided into normal (CBS^+/+, n=12) group and single gene knockout (CBS^+/-, n=12) group, and the mice were fed with high methionine diet for 8 weeks. HL-7702 hepatic cells were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into control group, homocysteine (Hcy) group and Hcy+5-azacytidne (AZC) group. Serum Hcy, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of ALT and AST in the cells culture medium were determined by the microplate method. Hepatic injury in the mice were observed with HE staining. Cell viability staining was used to measure the viability of hepatocytes. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues and hepatocytes. The correlation between the expression of miR-30a-5p and serum ALT and AST levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. DNA methylation level of miR-30a-5p promoter region in the liver tissues and hepatocytes was detected by nested landing methylation-specific PCR (nMS-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the CBS^+/+ mice, the serum levels of Hcy, ALT and AST in the CBS^+/- mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05). HE staining showed the hepatocyte swelling and nuclear fragmentation and dissolution. The expression level of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues was decreased (P < 0.01). Besides, the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the mice was negatively correlated with serum ALT and AST levels (r²=0.4557, P=0.0003, r²=0.4626, P=0.0003), and the DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01). In the HL-7702 cells, compared with control group,the ALT and AST levels were increased in Hcy group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the cell viability was remarkablely decreased. DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01), which decreased after treated the cells with AZC (P < 0.05), while the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the cells was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypermethylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region may play an important role in hepatic injury.