铅胁迫对金丝草生长及生理生化的影响

采用土培方法,探究不同梯度铅胁迫(0、1000、2000和3000 mg·kg^-1)对金丝草生长形态、体内抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:低浓度(1000 mg·kg^-1)处理会诱导金丝草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和根系抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(ASAFR)、可溶性糖(SS)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加,使得金丝草植株总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)处于较高水平,促进了金丝草株高、叶长和生物量的增加。随胁迫浓度增加,高浓度(2000~3000 mg·kg^-1)处理下,金丝草叶片和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速增加,株高、叶长、叶面积和生物量下降,生长受到抑制。但金丝草通过增强叶片和根系POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性来抵御过氧化作用,提高可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量维持细胞正常运作,增加根系生物量占比来加强根系发育,一定程度适应了高浓度铅胁迫。综上表明,金丝草主要通过叶片和根系不同抗氧化酶差异化响应、提高渗透调节物质含量,提升金丝草植株总抗氧化能力等途径来提高Pb耐性,对Pb污染矿区植物修复有较大潜力。     

NO介导的Ca2+信号对渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征及抗性的影响

以紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)作为渗透介质人工模拟干旱条件,外源喷施NO供体硝普钠(SNP)、钙信号试剂CaCl₂、NO抑制剂亚甲基蓝(MB)和Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征、抗氧化酶活性及过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶图谱进行研究,探讨了渗透胁迫下NO介导的Ca²⁺信号对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合作用及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:在渗透胁迫条件下,施加SNP、CaCl₂均能够有效缓解叶片叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素及总叶绿素含量降低,提高叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)及气孔限制值(L_s),而对胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)没有缓解作用。SNP、CaCl₂及SNP+CaCl₂处理提高了幼苗叶片中抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。其中共处理时效果最为显著,第4天 SOD、POD、CAT活性较PEG处理升高了39.29%、30.41%和56.24%,脯氨酸含量增加了45.59%,MDA含量降低了45.59%。POD同工酶图谱在第4天时酶谱带数最多,POD活性最强,且SNP+CaCl₂共处理下出现新酶带。而添加外源NO的同时添加Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,紫花苜蓿幼苗光合速率、抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量均降低,丙二醛含量增加,添加Ca²⁺信号的同时施加NO抑制剂MB也具有相同的作用,说明Ca²⁺信号参与NO信号转导过程并相互作用共同调节渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗的生理应答响应。     

豆科与禾本科牧草间作的生长互作效应及对氮、磷养分吸收的影响

为了解牧草间作对作物生长和养分吸收的影响,以及为不同牧草优化配置、豆科和禾本科牧草间作提高结氮量提供理论依据,本试验采用随机区组试验设计,研究了间作对柱花草、扭黄茅和孔颖草的生物量和氮磷吸收的影响。结果表明,由于柱花草生物固氮,对扭黄茅和孔颖草养分吸收和生长有促进作用,与柱花草间作后的扭黄茅和孔颖草与禾本科牧草单作模式相比,能获得高的养分吸收量和产量。与各自单作对比,间作体系中的禾本科牧草生物量高于单作0.06%和26.78%;与柱花草单作对比,两个间作体系中的柱花草生物量低于单作9.70%和12.83%。扭黄茅与柱花草间作后,对氮磷的吸收量高于单作扭黄茅24.26%和35.18%,对氮磷的吸收量高于单作孔颖草40.64%和47.50%。相对于单作而言,柱花草分别与扭黄茅和孔颖草间作,对氮吸收量分别降低8.31%和28.94%,磷吸收量分别降低3.56%和20.58%。而且两种间作模式当量比均大于1,具有间作优势;柱花草/扭黄茅间作系统生产力、种间竞争能力高于柱花草/孔颖草,具有产量优势。在株行距为50 cm种植密度下,间作体系中禾本科牧草生长旺盛,柱花草的生长受到抑制,在与两个禾本科牧草间作中为弱竞争作物。结果表明,在合理的种植密度下,适合的牧草配置能够充分利用各种资源,促进种间有益作用,提高单位面积牧草产量和禾本科牧草氮磷的吸收,有利于改善牧草品质。     

Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers

Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and many plant essential oils have shown that they have positive effects on broilers nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of orally administered different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. A total of eighty 28‐day‐old (1.28 ± 0.15 kg) ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated to four groups of 20 replicates each, with one chicken per replicate per cage, and all were fed with the same diet. Four experimental groups were orally administered 0, 200, 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils at 18:00 hr every day during the 2‐week experimental period. As a result of which, the gene expression of the occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐5, ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 in intestinal mucosa of small intestine (p < 0.05) and the goblet cell content in small intestine epithelium (p < 0.05) were significantly increased; test subjects with 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils reduced the microbial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the intestines (p < 0.05); Essential oils administration also significantly increased activity of the sucrase (p < 0.05) and lactase (p < 0.05) in intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, the carvacrol essential oils have positive effects on growth performance and intestinal barriers function of broilers; those effects may be related to the dosage, as administration of 300 or 400 μl was more effective than that of 200 μl.     

我国热区疫霉种的分布、疫病及其防治研究进展

综述了我国热带地区疫霉种类及其引起的植物病害,并总结了疫病的防治措施,最后对疫病防治的新策略进行了展望。     

果园间伐对梨叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在15年生梨树高光效开心树形果园进行了间伐试验,测定并比较了间伐与未间伐果园梨树树体东、西侧叶片的叶绿素荧光参数,通过PSII的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII的实际光合量子产量(Y(II))、调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NPQ))以及非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NO))对光合有效辐射(PAR)的响应曲线,并得出PAR-ETR响应曲线的拟合参数。结果表明,与未间伐果园相比,成龄梨园间伐后梨树树体东、西侧叶片的ETR(最高可稳定至130μmol/(m2·s)左右)和Y(II)(最高可稳定至0.3左右)较高,Y(NPQ)较低(最低稳定在0.2左右),Y(NO)保持在一定范围内(0.5~0.7),且具有较高的最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)(最高可达152.4μmol/(m2·s)左右)、最小饱和光强(Ik)(最高可达510.3μmol/(m2·s)),表明间伐能够提高果园梨树叶片的光能利用效率。     

无锡市水利风景区建设与管理的实践及思考

水利风景区建设是生态文明建设的重要组成部分.本文介绍了无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中取得的成果与经验.无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中,目标明确、创新政策机制、有的放矢、挖掘地方特色、合理开发、注重生态修复和经济效益,景区建设成效显著.通过近几年工作实践,总结出水利风景区建设与管理规律与经验,可为周边兄弟市水利风景区创建与管理工作提供一些参考.     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌的构建及蛋白免疫原性分析

试验旨在构建能表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV）E2抗原蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis），为进一步研制BVDV乳酸菌口服活载体疫苗奠定基础。将BVDV E2基因克隆后测序，根据乳酸乳球菌的密码子偏嗜性进行优化，再将优化的基因片段插入表达载体pNZ8148中，并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞，构建重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000，经1 ng/mL乳链菌肽诱导表达后，对菌体物进行了SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析。将重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000口服免疫6~12月龄健康犊牛，在免疫后不同时间点采集血液样品并分离血清，用间接ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果显示，PCR扩增到了1 149 bp的目的片段，乳酸菌密码子偏嗜性优化后，GC含量从45.28%变为34.30%。重组质粒pNZ8148-E2经酶切鉴定插入片段与预期大小相符，在菌体裂解物中出现大小约42 ku的条带，与预期蛋白大小一致，且该蛋白可与BVDV E2抗体反应。在免疫犊牛的血清中检测到特异性抗BVDV E2蛋白的抗体。本研究结果表明，表达BVDV E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌口服免疫可诱导犊牛产生特异性的体液免疫反应，该重组菌具有较好的免疫原性。     

吴茱萸有效部位的提取纯化及含量测定

目的:对吴茱萸挥发油、吴茱萸总生物碱进行提取纯化,使其纯度达到有效部位的要求。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用浓度为70%乙醇对挥发油提取后的药渣提取吴茱萸总生物碱,用中性氧化铝柱层析进行纯化,采用可见-紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果:吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱分别在0.404-4.040μg/m L和0.484-5.808μg/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为A=0.193C+0.0231(r=0.999 9)和A=0.1327C-0.0012(r=0.999 8),平均回收率和RSD分别为100.3%、99.6%和1.80%、1.12%,吴茱萸挥发油、吴茱萸总生物碱含量分别为0.38%和80%以上。结论:该提取纯化方法所得样品纯度高,达到了有效部位要求。