低温条件下组合式生态浮床系统净化微污染水体的特性研究

为研究低温对生态浮床水质净化效果的影响,引入陶粒作为浮床的基质,构筑了美人蕉-陶粒基质组合式生态浮床系统,研究在低温条件下其对微污染水体水质净化的效果特性。结果表明,在进水温度为0.5~15℃,进水DO浓度为4.94~6.65mg/L,水体交换时间为7d下,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的平均去除率为36.30%、77.37%、50.34%、52.56%、16.89%和70.99%。当水体的温度低于5.0℃,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的去除效果均有所下降。     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

Study on Length Polymorphism of KAP1 Family Genes in Yak (Bos gurnniens)

This study was aimed to understand the characteristics of length polymorphism with repeat sequence of keratin associated protein 1 (KAP1) family genes in yak. KAP1 family genes of yak and cattle were sequenced, and compared with sheep KAP1 family gene sequences. The results showed that cattle KAP1 family genes were located in chromosome 19, according to location of sheep KAP1 family genes in the chromosome and similarity with cattle KAP1 family genes, renaming the cattle KAP1 family (according to the gene location of chromosome) B2D, B2A, KAP1-1 and B2C genes into KAP1-4, KAP1-1, KAP1-2 and KAP1-3 gene, respectively. KAP1 family genes in the 3'and 5' flank were highly conserved, the difference between family genes mainly in the the repeat sequence region, which yak KAP1 to KAP4 genes were found 30 bp length polymorphism. There were B(CCQTS)A₁(CCQPT) repeat sequence and a new repeat sequence C(SIQTS). The results indicated that the repeat sequence was the key of the polymorphism of KAP1 family genes, which might be relate to combination with keratin protein.     

东北地区奶牛乳房炎表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究

为调查表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌在东北地区的流行病学情况和耐药性,本研究对来自东北地区3个大型奶牛场采集的330份奶样进行葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及其耐药表型的检测,并采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行分离株的亲缘性分析,对表皮葡萄球菌进行多位点序列分型(MLST),同时应用PCR扩增分离株中携带的相关耐药基因。研究结果表明,在330份奶样中共分离到表皮葡萄球菌32株(9.7%),腐生葡萄球菌34株(10.3%);PFGE分析共获得9种不同谱型的表皮葡萄球菌和11种不同谱型的腐生葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,两种菌对青霉素(70%)、苯唑西林(60%)和林克霉素(55%)的耐药率较高,主要耐药基因为lnu(B)(40%)、erm(B)(30%)和mec A(25%)。本研究结果揭示了东北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的耐药谱和流行情况,为临床合理用药及奶牛乳房炎的防控提供了实验依据。     

CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER,AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES

Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight. The sample population included 48 horses without clinical signs of high ICP and with varying ages and body weights. Two observers independently performed ONSD measurements in both eyes. All measurements ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 mm. The mean difference of repeated measures within observers was ≤0.1 mm and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.0% to 8.8%. The mean difference of measures between observers was ≤0.2 mm. After correcting for performing multiple tests, no significant rank correlation (all r < 0.4 [absolute value]) was detected between ONSD and age or body weight. However, we observed smaller ONSD in foals versus adults (all P ≤ 0.002). In the foals, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were <5 mm. In the adults, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were ≤6.5 mm. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a feasible test for use in horses of varying ages and sizes. Further investigation of this ultrasonographic measure as a clinical test for horse with suspected high ICP is warranted.     

EVALUATION OF QUANTITATIVE THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF DISEASE SEVERITY IN CATS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM: COMPARISON OF THE PERCENT THYROIDAL UPTAKE OF PERTECHNETATE TO THYROID‐TO‐SALIVARY RATIO AND THYROID‐TO‐BACKGROUND RATIOS

Thyroid scintigraphy is commonly used for evaluation of cats with hyperthyroidism, with the thyroid‐to‐salivary ratio (T/S) being the most common method to quantify the degree of thyroid activity and disease. Calculation of thyroid‐to‐background ratios (T/B) or percent thyroidal uptake of ^99mTcO^?₄ (TcTU) has only been reported in a few studies. The purpose of this prospective, cross‐sectional study was to evaluate a number of quantitative scintigraphic indices as diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism, including the T/S, three different T/B, TcTU, and estimated thyroid volume. Of 524 cats referred to our clinic for evaluation of suspected hyperthyroidism, the diagnosis was confirmed (n = 504) or excluded (n = 20) based on results of a serum thyroid panel consisting of thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃), free T₄ (fT₄), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. In the hyperthyroid cats, median values for TcTU, T/S, and three T/B ratios were all significantly higher (P < 0.001) than values in euthyroid suspect cats or clinically normal cats. All scintigraphic parameters were relatively sensitive and specific as diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism, but the T/S ratio had the highest test accuracy. The T/S ratio correlated strongly with the TcTU (r = 0.85). However, the TcTU had a higher and more significant correlation (P < 0.01) with serum T₄ (r = 0.76 vs. 0.64), T₃ (r = 0.77 vs. 0.64), and estimated thyroid volume (r = 0.62 vs. 0.38). Overall, calculation of TcTU is an accurate diagnostic test, but also appears to be the best parameter to predict the functional volume and metabolic activity of the feline adenomatous thyroid gland.     

A comparison of clinical,magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings in dogs with gliomatosis cerebri,focusing on cases with minimal magnetic resonance imaging changes‡

The primary study objective was to determine whether clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can underestimate canine gliomatosis cerebri (GC); we also investigated immunohistochemical features. Seven dogs with GC were studied; four recruited specifically because of minimal MRI changes. Neuroanatomic localization and the distribution of MRI, gross and sub‐gross lesions were compared with the actual histological distribution of neoplastic cells. In six cases, clinical examination predicted focal disease and MRI demonstrated a single lesion or appeared normal. Neoplastic cells infiltrated many regions deemed normal by clinical examination and MRI, and were Olig2‐positive and glial fibrillary acid protein‐negative. Four dogs had concurrent gliomas. GC is a differential diagnosis for dogs with focal neurological deficits and a normal MRI or a focal MRI lesion. Canine GC is probably mainly oligodendrocytic. Type II GC, a solid glioma accompanying diffuse central nervous system neoplastic infiltration, occurs in dogs as in people.