Allometric and ontogenetic patterns related to feeding of a neotropical fish, Satanoperca pappaterra (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

Abstract –  This study aims to analyse whether Satanoperca pappaterra changes its feeding habit throughout ontogenetic development, and whether morphological ontogenetic patterns are related to its feeding habit and food capture. We collected 258 individuals in the Cuiabá river basin (Brazil) for analyses. There was a weak relationship between diet and body size, as evidenced by size class and multivariate analyses, and niche breadth did not vary strongly during ontogenetic development. Eight morphometric variables were measured in each individual. We found an isometric relationship for mouth height and width, and for head length. We found positive allometry for snout length and body height in relation to body length, whereas this relationship for intestine length and eye diameter showed negative allometry. These results suggest that morphology and consequently diet vary weakly during ontogenetic development of S. pappaterra .     

Carbonic anhydrase and Na/K-ATPase activities at different molting stages of the giant freshwater prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Na/K-ATPase in the gill and epidermal tissues in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was examined as a function of molting stage. CA activity levels in the front and back gills were low at the intermolt stage C₀, but increased significantly at premolt stage D₃, and then decreased after molting. In the epidermal tissue, activity levels decreased gradually towards premolt to a minimum level at stage D₃, but became elevated at postmolt stages A and B. Na/K-ATPase levels in the front and back gills did not change significantly during the molt cycle. CA in the gill is possibly involved in supplying counter-ions for ion uptake, while CA in the epidermal tissue may play a role in mineralizing the exoskeleton after ecdysis. Na/K-ATPase in the gills may function in ion uptake from the ambient medium; however, since its activity was not influenced by the molt cycle, it probably does not have a major role in osmoregulation in the freshwater environment.     

不同倍性虹鳟卵黄蛋白原的组织定位

采用分步沉淀法提纯虹鳟卵黄蛋白,以同发育期二倍体虹鳟为对照,用免疫组化法对不同发育阶段的三倍体虹鳟性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道进行卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的细胞化学定位研究.试验结果表明:所纯化蛋白为与卵黄蛋白原具有相似免疫原性的卵黄脂磷蛋白,呈雌性特异性.性腺发育Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的二倍体雌性虹鳟,血液和肝细胞呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,Ⅳ～Ⅴ期卵巢呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,各发育期肠组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性;性腺发育至Ⅰ～Ⅴ期的三倍体雌雄虹鳟及雄性二倍体虹鳟,其性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性.二倍体虹鳟外源性卵黄蛋白原在肝细胞内合成,经血液运送至卵巢,最终在卵母细胞中形成卵黄颗粒.由于三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育受阻,无滤泡细胞分化,生殖细胞与体细胞的互作缺失,不能分泌足量的17β-E2以诱导Vg的合成,因而肝脏的Vg阴性并不能说明肝脏不具备合成Vg的能力,从卵黄发生的角度分析,卵黄蛋白原的缺乏不是导致三倍体虹鳟雌性不育的原因,而是其卵泡败育的结果.     

凡纳滨对虾精氨酸激酶的分离纯化及性质研究

经过CM-纤维素批量层析、Separdex G-100柱层析、DEAE_纤维素柱层析等步骤,从凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织分离得到精氨酸激酶,经SDS-PAGE检测达到电泳纯,分子量约为40kDa.对该酶的性质进行分析结果表明,精氨酸激酶的最适作用温度为55℃,当温度高于65℃时,酶活力显著下降;pH 8时酶活力较高,低浓度的精氨酸对酶活力有促进作用,高浓度时表现抑制作用,而底物类似物精胺和氨基胍则对酶促反应表现出完全的抑制.NaCl,KCl对酶的活力具有促进作用,低浓度(10 mmol·L-1)MgCl2对酶活力表现出激活作用,而CuCl2与MnCl2则表现出完全抑制酶活力,CaCl2与ZnCl2在低浓度时对酶活力无明显影响,但是随着浓度升高,对酶具有抑制作用.     

中间球海胆性腺氨基酸组成研究

试验结果表明,中间球海胆鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的43%以上,尤其是含有较高的甘氨酸、谷氨酸.雄性性腺鲜味氨基酸含量高于雌性,因此,雄性味更美.在生产中采集中间球海胆时期最好选在早期成熟阶段,在海胆成熟后期自然排放之前采收完毕.     

开放获取——促进水产科技文献交流与共享的有效途径

论述了科技文献开放存取产生的背景和中文科技文献开放获取的现状,分析了水产科技文献开放获取的必要性和可行性。中文开放获取科技文献的发布形式主要有电子版科技期刊、e-印本文献网站和专业机构数据库,其中电子科技期刊数量最多。根据在因特网上的搜索结果,截至2007年11月,通过因特网可免费查阅全文的中文科技期刊有475种,与上一年的搜索结果相比增加了80种;以《2007年版中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》收录的1723种核心期刊为基础,将其中与水产科学相关的期刊进行分类统计,对开放获取期刊和非开放获取期刊的总被引频次和影响因子进行比较分析,结果显示:开放获取期刊的总被引频次和影响因子明显高于非开放获取期刊。认为水产科技文献信息的出版发布应该积极采取开放获取的策略,此举对促进国内水产科技文献交流共享,提升水产科技期刊影响力和渔业科技创新具有重要作用。     

单位换算技术在水泵测试软件中的应用

水泵试验时,要采集诸多参数,并且根据这些参数计算出扬程、轴功率、NPSH等数值,不同国家这些参数采用的单位不同,企业必须能够按照客户要求的单位提供试验数据:并且有时客户要求得到水泵在特殊介质下进行试验得出的试验数据,同一台泵在每种介质下都做一遍试验不太现实,而且会提高企业的生产成本,提出将采集的数据进行单位换算,根据不同国家或者客户的特殊要求求出泵的试验数据,在实际应用中节省了试验成本,得到了企业的好评.     

精准施药技术的研究与应用现状

介绍精准施药技术在国内外的研究现状.指出应用精准施药技术可以提高农药的利用率、降低农产品中的农药残留、减少农药漂移对环境造成的污染等作用,分析我国精准施药技术的应用现状及存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策.     

Genetic variations in survival of rohu carp (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in challenge tests

A challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted using 2062 rohu carp (Labeo rohita) fingerlings obtained from 52 dams and 87 sires (87 full-sib families) of two year-classes (2003 and 2004). Attempts to establish a cohabitant challenge model were not successful. Therefore, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with A. hydrophila in two replicate tanks per year-class, and dead fish were collected hourly. The mortality reached its peak at 16–22 h after challenge and had almost completely stopped after 58 h. The test was terminated after 382 h at which the average survival was 43.9 and 48.9% in the two 2003 year-class tanks, and 77.1 and 35.8% in the two 2004 year-class tanks. Heritability estimates for survival were obtained from sire and dam threshold models (THR) and sire and dam linear repeatability models (LINR). For both types of models the heritability estimates based on data from single tanks were not consistent. For both year-classes, data from one of the two challenged tanks demonstrated significant additive genetic variation in survival during the A. hydrophila infection, whereas the heritability estimates were not significantly different from zero for the other tank. Further, genetic correlation between survivals in the two replicate tanks in each year-class was not significantly different from zero. The differential results from the replicate tanks demonstrate that additional challenge test experiments are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the magnitude of additive genetic variation for survival to aeromonasis in rohu carp. A cohabitant challenge model that allows the testing of important defence mechanisms in the skin and mucous membranes of the fish might have been more appropriate. To establish a valid cohabitant challenge model for rohu carp should be given high priority.