黑松针叶提取物抗霉菌活性的研究

采用滤纸片法,检测不同质量浓度的针叶提取物对霉菌的抑制圈大小,以研究黑松针叶提取物的抗霉菌活性。结果表明:黑松针叶提取物具有抗霉菌活性,但抑制效果与其质量浓度不成正比;3种提取物中,乙醇提取物的抗霉菌效果最显著,丙酮和水提取物的抗霉菌效果次之。其对黑曲霉、青霉、根霉起最佳抑制效果的质量浓度分别为6.25、25.01、2.5 g/L,其抑菌圈直径分别为14.8、16.61、2.6 mm。     

TDZ诱导中间锦鸡儿植株再生

以中间锦鸡儿种子无菌萌发得茎段为外植体,不同激素组合诱导丛生芽,得出最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为MS+TDZ 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L,芽诱导率达220%。诱导得到的丛生芽直接生根困难,需过渡培养。在培养基MS+BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L上过渡培养三代以上后转入生根培养基1/2MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L生根,长出的根粗壮,且须根数多,生根率在85%以上。生根培养后在草炭土∶珍珠岩=4∶1的基质上移栽成活率达到80%。     

山茱萸压条繁殖技木试验

山茱萸压条繁殖技术中,对母株主干基部约10 cm处实行双环切,在剪除萌条时留桩(0.5～1 cm),可分别提高萌条数100%和89%;新萌发的枝条埋条前对萌条生根部位环切2圈,可提高压条苗生根数57%.埋条后埋土厚度15～20 cm比埋土厚度10 cm的提高生根数2.75倍;埋条时1 a生枝条压埋生根容易,根数比2 a生枝条多32%;在母株定植时,采取深穴浅栽比大穴浅栽和普通栽植时成苗率都高,可以达93%,成苗平均生根数可以达到31条.     

不同保鲜剂和包装材料对鲜切西芹保鲜效果研究

研究了过氧化氢、柠檬酸与氯化钙组合,以及不同包装材料高密度聚乙烯薄膜(HDPE)、普通聚乙烯薄膜(PE)及低密度聚乙烯薄膜(LDPE)对鲜切西芹的保鲜作用.试验结果表明,过氧化氢+柠檬酸+氯化钙组合时鲜切西芹有保鲜作用,可降低失重率,使呼吸代谢、相时电导率处于较低水平,鲜度指数也明显高于对照.LDPE,HDPE,PE三种包装材料对鲜切西芹的保鲜效果影响不明显.0.15%H2O2+0.1%CA+0.4%CaCl2组合对鲜切西芹的保鲜效果最好,贮藏9 d时,鲜度指数仍达到76.9%.     

西瓜种质资源的研究进展

对国内外的西瓜种质资源的收集、鉴定利用和种质资源创新等方面进行阐述.总结国内外西瓜种质资源研究上取得的成就,并对我国西瓜种质资源存在的问题提出建议.     

模拟酸雨对豇豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同pH值(1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0和6.5)酸雨对豇豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,随着pH值的下降,豇豆的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、幼苗根长及下胚轴长均呈降低的趋势,均受到不同程度的抑制。当pH值降到最低1.0(酸度最强)时,所有豇豆种子全部发生霉烂现象。     

平菇对培养料中有害重金属的富集及临界含量值研究

以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)农科P1号为研究对象,通过在培养料中投放不同浓度的氯化汞、氯化镉、三氧化二砷和硝酸铅,研究平菇对培养料中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)4种有害重金属的吸收富集规律及培养料中各种重金属临界含量值.结果表明,平菇农科P1号对培养料中Pb、 Cd、 Hg和As的吸收富集系数分别为0.027～0.121、0.161～1.440、0.062～0.376和0.112～0.695.平菇对4种重金属的吸收富集能力排序为Cd>As>Hg>Pb.平菇培养料中有害重金属Pb、Cd、Hg和As的临界含量值分别为(mg/kg湿重)18.88、0.44、0.94和3.91.     

梨抗黑星病基因的AFLP分子标记

为了解梨黑星病抗性遗传规律并为梨黑星病抗性育种早期选择提供理论依据,以新苹梨(梨黑星病抗性品种)×雪花梨(梨黑星病易感品种)的杂交后代为试材,进行了田间自然感病和棚内接种梨黑星病(Venturia nashicolaTanak et Yamamota)病菌后的抗性调查,并进行了AFLP分子标记的研究。结果表明,棚内接种梨黑星病菌后,杂交后代抗感分离规律符合双假测交的遗传规律;研究建立的AFLP分子标记体系可以用于梨黑星病的抗性基因标记,并初步找到了与梨黑星病抗性基因相关的分子标记。     

Implementation of two high through-put techniques in a novel application: detecting point mutations in large EMS mutated plant populations

Background  

The establishment of mutant populations together with the strategies for targeted mutation detection has been applied successfully to a large number of organisms including many species in the plant kingdom. Considerable efforts have been invested into research on tomato as a model for berry-fruit plants. With the progress of the tomato sequencing project, reverse genetics becomes an obvious and achievable goal.     

Contamination of shallow groundwater system and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields

This study focuses on experimental pilot assessment of contamination of shallow groundwater systems and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields. The study approach involved a pilot experimental (greenhouse) set-up of organo-mineral amended test plots/troughs (40 cm × 47 cm × 46 cm) planted with two common vegetable crops (Amaranthus hybridus and Abelmoschus esculentus) and irrigated with wastewater. In addition to the geochemical analyses of the primary un-amended and amended soils before planting as well as residual soils after harvesting, measurements of the physico-chemical parameters and chemical analyses of trace metals concentrations in irrigation leachates and harvested vegetable tissues were also undertaken following appropriate standard sample preparation and analytical methods.The results of the geochemical analyses carried out on irrigation leachate samples collected during the sprouting stage revealed that most of the analyzed trace metals in the collected leachates exhibited 2-10 folds depletion (except for Cu and Co with enrichment of about 1.5-3 folds) compared to the initial wastewater used for irrigation. A situation attributed to uptake/bioaccumulation of these metals and selective enrichment in the residual soils as well as to leaching by infiltrating irrigation water. Nonetheless, the observed higher trace elements concentrations in the second sets of leachates collected during harvesting stage compared to the first sets of leachates collected during the sprouting/vegetative stage is an indication of higher plant uptake during sprouting/vegetative stage or initial sorption/complexation of biosolids amendment before later vertical re-mobilization by infiltrating irrigation water.Although, virtually all of the analyzed metals exhibited elevated concentrations (2-173 ppm) in both A. hybridus and A. esculentus, a closer evaluation revealed 1.2-8.2 folds enrichment of Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Pb in A. esculentus compared to that of A. hybridus, an indication of the fact that phyto-accumulation of trace metal is plant-specific and dependent on physiological set-up. The overall evaluation had clearly demonstrated the potential danger of bioaccumulation of toxic trace metals under biosolid amended soils as well as impacts of irrigation-induced leaching on the shallow groundwater quality, while the need to evolve a sustainable agricultural practices is also highlighted.

Capsule

Organo-mineral amendment can lead to trace metal bioaccumulation (in plants) and irrigation-induced leaching to shallow groundwater system.