QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.     

Soybean oil content QTL mapping and integrating with meta-analysis method for mining genes

Oil content of soybean was a valuable quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Eleven QTLs were detected by both CIM and MIM method with the population crossed between Charleston and Dong nong594 in recent 3 years (2007, 2008, 2009). Combining the QTLs collected over the past 20 years, an integrated map of oil-content major QTLs in soybean was established using soymap2, which was published in 2004, as a reference. Using the software BioMercator ver.2.1, QTLs were projected from their own maps onto the reference map. In total, ninety-eight QTLs were integrated into soymap2. A meta-analysis method was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 20 consensus QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained. Using a local version of GENSCAN, 10,137 sequences in the consensus QTL intervals were predicted. With BLAST, these predicted genes were compared to the International Protein Index database to mine the related genes. The results offer a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in soybean.     

CCD radiation temperature measurement method for hot continuous casting billet surface

According to the present research status and existing problems of hot continuous billet surface temperature non contact measurement technology, a real time temperature measurement model, which combines two-color(R,G) and monochrome (B) of surface radiation image, is established. The surface image is collected through tricolor charge coupled device (CCD) sensor, at the same time, the temperature dynamic response range of CCD can be improved by controlling integrated time and setting different apertures. Through computer image process technology, multi-point temperature can be measured simultaneously, and 2-D temperature field distribution on continuous casting billet surface can be realized. It is be proved by theory and application that the model and method can provide a theory and technology support for realizing surface temperature field on-line measurement for continuous casting billet.     

A fuzzy logic multicasting algorithm for ad hoc networks

To increase the multicasting efficiency of Ad hoc networks, a fuzzy logic multicasting algorithm (FLMA) is proposed. FLMA adopts the fuzzy logic to tolerate the imprecise information caused by dynamic network topology. The two input variables of the fuzzy logic system are the relative degree of the additional coverage node number and the relative degree of the residual energy. The deferring time of rebroadcast is the output variable of the fuzzy logic system, which is used to optimize the priority of the nodes to rebroadcast. FLMA reduces the redundant retransmission and the chance of the contention and collision, while balances the energy consumption of the nodes. Simulation results reveal that the FLMA achieves better performance than BCAST in terms of the network lifetime, average end-to-end delay, the average number of drops per node and the throughput.     

肉鸽营养需要与饲料研究进展

概述了近年来我国肉鸽的能量、蛋白质等营养需要与饲料研究进展，提出了建立攻关协作网络和研究、制定、颁布肉鸽饲养标准的建议，期望对肉鸽的科研、生产及发展有所帮助。     

环太湖典型丘陵区不同土地利用下土壤磷素随地表径流迁移特征

在环太湖丘陵地区选择4种有代表性的土地利用类型进行野外原位试验，研究了自然降雨条件下磷素随地表径流的迁移特征。结果表明，各场降雨水相总磷的“次降雨径流平均浓度”呈对数正态分布。悬浮颗粒态磷是水相磷素迁移的主要形态，占水相总磷的76%～89%，其浓度主要由表土总磷含量及地表径流量决定;而溶解态磷（DP）主要与表土中的有效磷含量以及径流与表土相互作用深度有关。溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷的57%～85%，竹林的DIP浓度最高。菜地径流的有机磷含量（DOP）明显高于另外3种土地利用。不同土地利用下溶解态和悬浮态磷的迁移通量分别为23～92.7mg·m^-2·a^-1和113.4～364.3mg·m^-2·a^-1，与地表径流量表现出较强的相关性。     

白炽灯诱杀大曲害虫研究

研究结果表明，１００Ｗ白炽灯较１５Ｗ和４０Ｗ的白炽灯对各种曲虫的诱集力为强。其灯下诱集量依次为：药材甲＞谷盗类＞黄斑露尾甲＞蚕豆象＞其他曲虫。还就白炽灯在曲虫防治上的应用进行了讨论     

在新形势下对农机推广工作刍议

当前,我国农村经济体制发生巨大变革,尤其是农村经济增长方式和生产方式在不断的变革和完善,农业结构调整和农业产业化推进不断升级,农机化技术推广部门作为农业技术推广的一个重要组成部分,与其它农业技术部门一样面临着各种机遇与挑战,一方面对农机化技术拓宽服务领域,向农业生产的产前、产中、产后服务迎来了发展的大好机遇,同时给农机化技术推广工作提出新的挑战和更高的要求.     

Research on Growth Behavior of Embryos for Bovine and Murine on Primary Murine Embryos Fibroblast Cell Feeder Layer

The difference in growth behavior between bovine embryos and murine embryos was studied on PMEF(primary murine embryos fibroblast)feeder layer. The results showed as follows: With embryos having attached, bovine embryonic trophoblast formed a transparent membranous structure covering on inner cell mass (ICM), however, murine embryonic trophoblast formed disc structure. Bovine embryos formed four kinds of ICM colonies with different morphology including the mass-like, the net-like, the stream-like and the mixture-like colonies. Compared with Murine ICM, the bovine ICM grew more fast. So, the bovine ICM was passaged at first after a culture of approximately 5 - 6 days in vitro, but murine ICM was passaged at first after an attachment of 3 - 4 days on PMEF feeder layer. The mixture colonies of bovine ICM differentiated very early, while the others differentiated very late. Most ICM-like mass of Bovine grew in a defined spot, but bovine ICMs like stream and ICMs like net proliferated fast and dispersed quickly. We found that the single blastomeres derived from late bovine morula and late murine morula formed sub-blastophere; moreover, the bovine ICM cell would differentiate rapidly if the trophoblast was removed.     

黄淮海地区短季棉应用DPC诱导最佳部位成铃与优质栽培的研究

1982～1983年,在田间条件下,以中棉10号品种为材料,进行了黄淮海地区麦棉两熟制短季棉应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃与优质栽培的研究,主要结果如下:(1)根据开花时间、开花部位、铃期、铃重等多因子相关的综合评价,确定了单株较佳的时空成铃结构,为定向诱导成铃提供了科学依据。(2)肯定了应用 DPC 化控措施对短季棉中棉10号早熟优质丰产的效果:可以促进提早开花结铃、增加前期成铃数;可以适当增加种植密度(每亩6000株提高到8000株),增加了群体最佳部位成铃的比重;皮棉单产可增加11%以上,并提高了霜前花百分率。(3)提出了在棉花优质栽培上应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃的一般原理,以及适应于黄淮海棉区的化控技术指标参数和技术要点。