茄子冷冻干燥冻结过程模型的建立与求解

该文以茄子球形样本为对象,研究果蔬物料冷冻干燥中预冻模型的建立及求解方法。通过能量衡算建立了果蔬冻结过程的非稳态数学模型,依据冻结过程试验参数,给出了冻结过程中物料液相区和固相区温度变化所满足的定解问题。采用“欧拉向后差分格式”数值计算方法,对冻结模型进行了数值求解,得出了茄子在冻结过程中冻结界面的移动规律和冻结时间。试验结果表明,所建模型能够准确地描述茄子的冻结过程,采用的数值解法是可行的。该文研究方法及结果为果蔬物料冷冻干燥预冻结过程模型的建立与求解提供了参考,并为果蔬冷冻干燥预冻结过程的优化控制提供了科学依据。     

农业科技档案管理工作存在的问题与对策

农业科技档案管理工作是科技工作的重要组成部分,文章从决策依据、科研工作依据和保密性三个方面对农业科技档案管理工作的重要性进行了分析,指出了农业科技档案管理工作的特点和所存在的问题,提出了相应对策,如建立健全档案管理及保密制度、提高档案管理人员综合素质、全面加强档案管理设施建设等。     

施磷量对烤烟体内氮磷钾含量、积累和分配的影响

研究了褐土区不同施磷量对烤烟体内氮、磷、钾含量、积累和分配的影响。结果表明 ,在烤烟生长发育过程中 ,增施磷肥增加了根、茎、叶中磷、钾的含量 ,降低了根和叶中氮的含量 ;同时 ,增施磷肥还增加了根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾的积累量 ;各生育时期不同处理根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾含量和积累量的变化规律一致。另外 ,增施磷肥不影响氮、磷、钾在根、茎、叶中的绝对分布量 ,但随磷肥用量增加 ,根中磷的相对分布量增大     

基于遥感技术的植被分类研究现状与发展趋势

综述了国内外基于遥感技术进行植被分类的研究现状, 并提出植被分类的发展趋势:(1)从单时相、单源遥感分类向多时相、多源信息融合发展; (2)从单一分类方法向复合分类方法发展; (3)从“硬”分类向“软”分类方向发展; (4)从基于像元分类向混合像元分解分类和面向对象分类方向发展; (5)从传统分类向智能分类方向发展。     

饲料中霉菌毒素ELISA试剂盒制作的研究进展

根据酶联免疫(ELISA)试剂盒的原理与研究现状,从人工抗原合成、单克隆抗体制备、试剂盒的反应条件优化、试剂盒技术参数的研究和试剂盒的组装等方面讨论研究过程中的基本操作及存在的问题,为广大科研工作者提供一些理论参考。     

Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry

Five commercially available organic Cu products and reagent-grade CuSO4 x 5H2O (Cu Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis and solubility in 0.1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), 0.2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), or deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. The organic sources were Cu lysine complex (Cu Lys), Cu amino acid chelate (Cu AA), Cu proteinate A (Cu ProA), Cu proteinate B (Cu ProB), and Cu proteinate C (Cu ProC). Separation of peaks in the chromatograms for the soluble Cu fraction from deionized water indicated that 77, 31, 69, 94, and 16% of the Cu remained chelated for the above sources, respectively. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Cu from the organic Cu supplements for chicks when added at high dietary concentrations to practical corn-soybean meal diets. Liver Cu concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as dietary Cu increased in both experiments. When Cu Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124 +/- 5.1, 122 +/- 5.3, and 111 +/- 6.0 for Cu Lys, Cu AA, and Cu ProC, respectively, in Exp. 1. The bioavailability estimates for Cu Lys and Cu AA were greater (P < 0.05) than that for Cu Sulf. Values in Exp. 2 were 111 +/- 7.6, 109 +/- 8.4, and 105 +/- 7.5 for Cu Lys, Cu ProA, and Cu ProB, respectively, and all sources were similar in value for chicks. Solubility of Cu in pH 2 buffer provided the best prediction of bioavailability (r2 = 0.924). Other indicators of chelation integrity and solubility had little value as predictors of bioavailability (r2 < or = 0.445).     

黄淮旱地组小麦品种抗旱性鉴定比较分析

为了解近年来黄淮冬麦区旱地组小麦品种抗旱性的整体情况,对2017—2019年黄淮冬麦区132个区试品种（系）在干旱胁迫下的产量及抗旱指数,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、株高等性状及抗旱系数,进行分析总结。结果表明：黄淮旱肥组、旱薄组、北部组区试品种（系）近年来品种的抗旱性趋势大体相同,胁迫情况下产量总的变化是旱肥组>旱薄组>北部组,且呈逐年稳中有升的趋势,从抗旱指数看,黄淮旱地小麦品种的抗旱整体还处于偏弱的水平;抗旱性状表现为干旱胁迫下均有不同程度的受损,均以千粒重的受损程度最小,有效穗、穗粒数、株高受损程度最大。     

土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响及优化方案

以稗草为生物测定材料,运用二次正交旋转组合设计,以土壤湿度和除草剂用量二因子为决策变量,对稗草的抑制率为目标函数,研究土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响。结果表明,适当的土壤水分是三氮苯类除草剂发挥药效的重要因素,药效随土壤湿度的提高而提高。不同的土壤湿度对不同除草剂药效影响各异,高湿条件下,湿度差异对药效影响大小依次为嗪草酮、西草净、扑草净、莠去津,低湿条件下则相反。除草剂用量与土壤湿度存在最佳发挥药效的组合。     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.