Severe persistent orf in young goats.

Orf (contagious ecthyma) is a viral disease of small and wild ruminants, humans, and less frequently other species. In sheep and goats, the disease is characterized by the formation of vesiculo-proliferative lesions in the skin of lips and nostril. Here, a form of generalized orf in 16 goat kids from 2 different locations in west Texas is described. The disease was characterized by multifocal, severe, proliferative dermatitis that persisted from about 2 months of age until the goat kids were euthanized 3 months later. All affected goats were Boer or Boer crosses under 1 year of age. The mean immunoglobulin concentration in sera of affected goats was elevated compared with healthy control goats. Severe to moderate lymphadenomegaly of the nodes draining the areas of the skin affected with orf lesions was present in all 16 goat kids. Suppurative arthritis, chronic fibrinous pneumonia, and premature thymic involution were found in 3, 5, and 7 of the goat kids, respectively. The skin lesions of 3 goat kids were infested with larvae of the opportunistic black garbage fly (Ophira sp.). The orf virus was identified in skin lesions by isolation in Marbin-Darby ovine kidney cells, electron microscopy, and amplification of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The orf virus was not detected in peripheral blood or lymph node mononuclear cells of any of the goats. Cross-neutralization experiments showed that an ovine orf virus antiserum raised in sheep was more effective in neutralizing a sheep orf virus isolate than a caprine orf virus isolate. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these orf cases may be the result of susceptibility factors within some individuals of the Boer breed of goats.     

湖北省襄阳市一起犊牛隐孢子虫病的暴发调查

2021年12月23日,湖北省襄阳市某养殖场饲养的犊牛出现白痢、黄痢、血便等腹泻症状并死亡,病牛经抗菌消炎治疗,效果不明显。为查明发病原因和可能的发病风险因素,湖北省联合襄阳市和保康县动物疫病控制部门组建调查组,开展了紧急流行病学调查。调查组综合现场调查和实验室检测结果以及干预措施效果推断：此次疫病暴发由隐孢子虫感染引起;病原由外购牛羊引入的可能性最大,也不排除周边野生动物传入的可能;犊牛感染后因饲养管理水平低下导致抵抗力下降,因天气寒冷等产生应激,造成发病死亡。对发病犊牛进行消炎、隔离保温和补液等对症治疗,同时提升生产管理和生物安全水平,随后疫病得到有效控制。本次调查为中小规模养牛场防治隐孢子虫病提供了参考。     

Risk-based surveillance for avian influenza control along poultry market chains in South China: The value of social network analysis

Over the past two decades, the poultry sector in China went through a phase of tremendous growth as well as rapid intensification and concentration. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 was first detected in 1996 in Guangdong province, South China and started spreading throughout Asia in early 2004. Since then, control of the disease in China has relied heavily on wide-scale preventive vaccination combined with movement control, quarantine and stamping out. This strategy has been successful in drastically reducing the number of outbreaks during the past 5years. However, HPAIV H5N1 is still circulating and is regularly isolated in traditional live bird markets (LBMs) where viral infection can persist, which represent a public health hazard for people visiting them. The use of social network analysis in combination with epidemiological surveillance in South China has identified areas where the success of current strategies for HPAI control in the poultry production sector may benefit from better knowledge of poultry trading patterns and the LBM network configuration as well as their capacity for maintaining HPAIV H5N1 infection. We produced a set of LBM network maps and estimated the associated risk of HPAIV H5N1 within LBMs and along poultry market chains, providing new insights into how live poultry trade and infection are intertwined. More specifically, our study provides evidence that several biosecurity factors such as daily cage cleaning, daily cage disinfection or manure processing contribute to a reduction in HPAIV H5N1 presence in LBMs. Of significant importance is that the results of our study also show the association between social network indicators and the presence of HPAIV H5N1 in specific network configurations such as the one represented by the counties of origin of the birds traded in LBMs. This new information could be used to develop more targeted and effective control interventions.     

Building phenotype networks to improve QTL detection: a comparative analysis of fatty acid and fat traits in pigs

Models in QTL mapping can be improved by considering all potential variables, i.e. we can use remaining traits other than the trait under study as potential predictors. QTL mapping is often conducted by correcting for a few fixed effects or covariates (e.g. sex, age), although many traits with potential causal relationships between them are recorded. In this work, we evaluate by simulation several procedures to identify optimum models in QTL scans: forward selection, undirected dependency graph and QTL-directed dependency graph (QDG). The latter, QDG, performed better in terms of power and false discovery rate and was applied to fatty acid (FA) composition and fat deposition traits in two pig F2 crosses from China and Spain. Compared with the typical QTL mapping, QDG approach revealed several new QTL. To the contrary, several FA QTL on chromosome 4 (e.g. Palmitic, C16:0; Stearic, C18:0) detected by typical mapping vanished after adjusting for phenotypic covariates in QDG mapping. This suggests that the QTL detected in typical mapping could be indirect. When a QTL is supported by both approaches, there is an increased confidence that the QTL have a primary effect on the corresponding trait. An example is a QTL for C16:1 on chromosome 8. In conclusion, mapping QTL based on causal phenotypic networks can increase power and help to make more biologically sound hypothesis on the genetic architecture of complex traits.     

国内动物卫生风险分析研究评述

近年来由动物疫病、药残等引起的食源性疾病数量不断上升,已成为影响各国公共健康和经济发展的重要因素。为此,切实加强动物卫生风险分析工作,研究重大动物疫病风险分析概念框架,构建适合我国国情的动物疫病风险分析模型,已成为进一步提高我国重大动物疫病防控能力和动物产品安全监管水平,不断提升我国养殖业国际竞争力的一项十分重要而紧迫的任务。同时,动物卫生风险分析也是世界动物卫生领域一种新的工作理念和管理模式,是制定动物卫生政策和开展畜产品国际贸易的一项基础性工作。近年来,国内专家学者不断将国际动物卫生风险分析的最新研究成果和国内动物卫生现状相结合,逐步探讨具有本土化特色的动物卫生风险分析的理论和相应的技术方法,其研究结果对国际动物卫生领域的不断完善和发展起到了促进作用。本研究对近年来不断涌现的动物卫生风险分析的相关研究文献进行汇总分析,以明晰该方向研究工作的进展和动态,并探析动物卫生风险分析领域存在的问题,以期为补充和完善该领域的研究工作提供一定的基础。     

一种新型提升器改进设计

针对现有提升器存在的主要问题,分析故障原因,从提升器功能提升、分配器改进设计和油缸结构优化等方面提出新一代提升器改进设计思路。      

激素诱乳技术推广应用及其效益分析

１９８７～１９９３年７年间用＂诱乳激素＂处理空怀奶牛１３０２头次，诱乳成功率达８６．ｌ％，并有８１．６％的牛恢复正常的生理周期，配种后的受胎率达７７．４％，直接经济效益为１５０余万元。本试验表明，对因饲养管理，生殖疾病等原因引起不孕及无乳的成年母牛，用＂诱乳激素＂进行人工诱乳是完全可行的且经济效益是十分显著的。     

松嫩平原羊草草原枯枝落叶分解中化学成分的变化动态

枯枝落叶在分解过程中，其化学成分发生着改变，营养物质不断地向土壤中释放。在羊草草原上，从４月至１０月间，经过１９５天分解后，枯枝落叶的有机化学成分中，可溶性碳水化合物损失最快，其次是粗脂肪和有机碳，木质素的分解最慢。在无机化学成分中，各元素含量的变化，大多数元素之间有明显的相关性，各营养元素损失大小的顺序是：Ｋ＞Ｐ＞Ｎ＞Ｎａ＞Ｃａ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｍｇ＞ＦｅＣｕ＞Ｚｎ。     

Muscular dystrophy in female dogs

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in dogs and humans is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The dystrophin gene is located on the X chromosome, and, therefore, disease-causing mutations in dystrophin occur most often in males. Therefore, females with dystrophin deficiency or other forms of muscular dystrophy may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze dystrophin and a number of other muscle proteins associated with muscular dystrophy in humans, including sarcoglycans and laminin alpha2, in muscle biopsy specimens from 5 female dogs with pathologic changes consistent with muscular dystrophy. The female dogs were presented with a variety of clinical signs including generalized weakness, muscle wasting, tremors, exercise intolerance, gait abnormalities, and limb deformity. Serum creatine kinase activity was variably high. One dog had no detectable dystrophin in the muscle; another was mosaic, with some fibers normal and others partly dystrophin-deficient. A 3rd dog had normal dystrophin but no detectable laminin alpha2. Two dogs could not be classified. This study demonstrates the occurrence of dystrophin- and laminin alpha2-associated muscular dystrophy and the difficulty in clinical diagnosis of these disorders in female dogs.     

苹果病害智能诊断方法研究与设计

针对传统苹果专家病害诊断系统自学习能力差、准确率低的不足,研究并设计了人工神经网络的苹果病害诊断方法.采用动态编码对苹果病害模糊知识进行量化,构建BP网络诊断模型进行诊断;采用Java语言开发基于Web的病害动态诊断平台,用白水苹果病害样本进行了实验.该方法对20种苹果病害的诊断具有较好的效果,测试准确率达到85.4%.在获得必要领域知识的前提下,用神经网络进行苹果病害诊断准确率高,系统设计灵活,基于Web的诊断平台便于推广和使用.