南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤Ⅳ.分类问题

本文简要论述了早期南极土壤分类研究工作。对在南极海洋性气候区应用《美国土壤系统分类》和《国际土壤分类参比基础》进行土壤分类工作的最新实践进行了阐述和比较;同时,依照《中国土壤系统分类》对本区进行了初步的分类尝试。研究结果显示,南极海洋性气候区的主要土壤分别属于《美国土壤系统分类》冻土纲下的各级单元。比较而言,其他两个分类系统在本区的应用相对困难。     

南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤Ⅴ.气候变化响应

气候变化导致南极海洋气候区冰川消退、多年积雪融化,为新的土壤形成与分布提供了潜在的母质基础与发展空间;地表和土壤内部水分活动在时间和空间上的加强促进了以自由水为基础的土壤过程和冰缘地貌过程;由气候变化引发的低等植物生境、群落结构变化、初级生产力与生物量的提高、海洋脊椎动物迁徙和栖息地的变迁,影响了本区土壤有机质积累过程以及土壤有机质结构与性状。已有的证据表明,气候变化正对南极海洋气候区土壤发生、发育及演变产生重要影响。     

The Solar Acoustic Spectrum and Eigenmode Parameters

The Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project estimates the frequencies, amplitudes, and linewidths of more than 250,000 acoustic resonances of the sun from data sets lasting 36 days. The frequency resolution of a single data set is 0.321 microhertz. For frequencies averaged over the azimuthal order m, the median formal error is 0.044 microhertz, and the associated median fractional error is 1.6 x 10(-5). For a 3-year data set, the fractional error is expected to be 3 x 10(-6). The GONG m-averaged frequency measurements differ from other helioseismic data sets by 0.03 to 0.08 microhertz. The differences arise from a combination of systematic errors, random errors, and possible changes in solar structure.     

山萸果几种物理机械特性的测定及其应用

从实用设计出发,对山萸果的千粒重、容重、尺寸、挤压破坏和摩擦等物理机械特性进行了测定。这些特性均随环境因素而变化。文中用曲线表示了它们的变化规律。从而为去核方案的决定、机械参数和运动参数的选择、零部件结构设计提供了较为合理、准确的数据。可望对其他类似物料的物理机械特性的描述有所帮助。以便寻求方便、实用的参数表达方法和启发对加工方案的新思维。     

GONG Observations of Solar Surface Flows

Doppler velocity observations obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) instruments directly measure the nearly steady flows in the solar photosphere. The sun's differential rotation is accurately determined from single observations. The rotation profile with respect to latitude agrees well with previous measures, but it also shows a slight north-south asymmetry. Rotation profiles averaged over 27-day rotations of the sun reveal the torsional oscillation signal-weak, jetlike features, with amplitudes of 5 meters per second, that are associated with the sunspot latitude activity belts. A meridional circulation with a poleward flow of about 20 meters per second is also evident. Several characteristics of the surface flows suggest the presence of large convection cells.