锰的添加方式对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为对照组,添加硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）120mg／kg;Ⅱ组添加蛋氨酸螫合锰60mg／kg;Ⅲ组分别添加蛋氨酸螯合锰（Met-Mn）30mg／kg和硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）60mg／kg。研究不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明．3种不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响（P〉0．05）．但Ⅲ组的饲料成本有所降低。因此,在肉仔鸡日粮中以第3种方式添加效果最佳。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）个体识别技术研究进展

对东北虎种群的科学监测是采取有效保护、管理及恢复措施的基础,而准确的个体识别又是保证有效监测的前提。尤其是在中国,在野生东北虎种群数量很少,种群密度极低的情况下,能根据它留下的各种信息进行个体识别就显得尤为重要。目前,用于野生东北虎个体识别的技术主要有：足迹识别、DNA识别、条纹识别以及气味识别等。本文对这几种技术的特点、研究进展、应用注意事项等做了介绍,并且结合中国的实际情况,分析每种技术在中国的适用性,认为如果要建立中国的东北虎种群数量数据库,足迹识别和DNA识别比较适合在中国现有东北虎分布区推广使用。通过足迹识别,信息容易获取,也是最经济和比较成熟的方法;由于种群密度低,含DNA的遗传样本虽不能每次都采集到,但可以长期积累;现阶段条纹和气味识别只能起到辅助的作用。     

Antipyrine disposition in the dehydrated camel

In the present study the effects of water deprivation in the camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) on the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine were assessed. A crossover design was used. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in adult and young camels were compared. Antipyrine was administered intravenously to young and adult female camels when water was available ad libitum and to the adult camels after 14 days of dehydration. The elimination half-life of antipyrine in watered adult camels was 136.5 ± 16.7 min. The half-life of elimination and the mean residence time of antipyrine were significantly prolonged following dehydration. The observed effects of water deprivation were not a function of age, as the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in young camels was similar to that of the adults, but more likely due to the changes in oxidative metabolic capacity of the liver as a result of a reduced general metabolism. The results of the present study also show that the intrinsic clearance of antipyrine is proportional to the camel's body weight, as previously shown for other mammalian species.     

Genetic parameters of product quality and hepatic metabolism in fattened mule ducks

Genetic parameters of traits related to hepatic lipid metabolism, carcass composition, and product quality of overfed mule ducks were estimated on both parental lines of this hybrid: the common duck line for the maternal side and the Muscovy line for the paternal side. The originality of the statistical model was to include simultaneously the additive genetic effect of the common ducks and that of the Muscovy ducks, revealing a greater genetic determinism in common than in Muscovy. Plasma metabolic indicators (glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents) were heritable, in particular at the end of the overfeeding period, and heritabilities increased with the overfeeding stage. Carcass composition traits were highly heritable in the common line, with values ranging from 0.15 for liver weight, 0.21 for carcass weight, and 0.25 for abdominal fat weight to 0.32 for breast muscle weight. Heritabilities of technological outputs were greater for the fatty liver (0.19 and 0.08, respectively, on common and Muscovy sides for liver melting rate) than for the pectoralis major muscle (between 0.02 and 0.05 on both parental sides for cooking losses). Fortunately, the processing industry is mainly facing problems in liver quality, such as too high of a melting rate, than in meat quality. The meat quality appraisal criteria (such as texture and cooking losses), usually dependent on pH and the rate of decline of pH, were also very lowly heritable. This study demonstrated that genetic determinism of meat quality and ability of overfeeding is not similar in the common population and in the Muscovy population; traits related to fattening, muscle development, and BW have heritability values from 2 to 4 times greater on the common line than on the Muscovy line, which is relevant for considering different selection strategies.     

Association of polymorphisms for nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene with egg production traits in the maternal line of Shaobo hens

1. The objectives of the study were to find polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between SNPs in the nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) gene and reproductive traits. 2. SNPs were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Four SNPs were detected, including T10155007A, T10125838C, G10118492A and G10109315T. Three polymorphisms were associated with total egg production at the age of 300 d and the G10109315T polymorphism was associated with age at first egg. 3. In conclusion, the NCOA1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for reproductive traits in hens.     

浅谈二噁英的检验技术

1　检测二口恶英的技术难度食品和饲料中二口恶英及其类似物的检验属于超痕量级检验,通常以ｎｇ/ｋｇ和ｐｇ/ｋｇ表示。它比其他污染物含量低千倍到亿倍以上,检测难度很大,其多组分即同系物、异构体的化学前处理技术几乎包罗近代最先进的手段,涉及分离、富集、提取、净化、清洗和浓缩装置,还包含自动凝胶色谱(ＡｕｔｏｍａｔｅｄＧｅｌＰｅｒｍｅａｔｉｏｎＣｈｒｏｍａｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ)、反相ＨＰＬＣ、玻璃色谱柱等。检测过程需要尖端大型分析仪器的支持,定量分析依靠ＨＲＧＣ/ＨＲＭＳ,对仪器的灵敏度、选择性和特异性要求极高,是现今分…