水分胁迫对元宝枫膜脂过氧化作用的影响

采用盆栽控水法和PEG6000处理法研究了在水分胁迫条件下元宝枫膜脂过氧化作用的变化与抗旱性的关系,结果发现,随胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的加深,MDA含量和质膜相对透性逐渐增大,但在轻度和中度水分胁迫条件下增幅不显著.SOD和CAT活性随胁迫程度加深缓慢降低,但在同一胁迫程度下随时间延长,两种酶活性呈增高趋势,并逐渐接近正常水平.这表明元宝枫对干旱有较强的适应能力,在缺水条件下体内的保护酶仍能维持较高的活性水平,减轻了由膜脂过氧化引起的膜伤害.     

草莓成熟过程中NAD激酶、NADP磷酸酶活性

 研究了‘春星’草莓果实成熟时NAD 激酶、NADP 磷酸酶活性及NAD 激酶部分特性。结果表明, NAD 激酶和NADP 磷酸酶活性在果实绿色期到乳白期升高, 粉红期下降, 全红期又再次升高。NAD 激酶可被Ca²⁺ 强烈抑制, 被EGTA (Ca²⁺专一性螯合剂) 激活。随着成熟进程, NAD 激酶对ATP 的依赖性增加。     

农户森林灾害减灾需求影响因素分析?——基于北京市郊区农户的调查

根据收益—成本权衡理论,构建了农户减灾收益与成本理论分析框架,基于北京市郊区农户的调查数据,采用Logistic模型分析农户对森林灾害减灾需求的主要影响因素。结果表明,北京市郊区72.11%的农户有减灾需求,尤其对村集体帮助、政府救济和森林保险等减灾措施的需求较大,火灾、风灾和病虫害是影响农户生产生活的最主要灾害类型。农户对减灾措施的认知程度、风险偏好、林业收入占总收入比、三年内受灾严重程度和对政府防灾救灾体系的满意程度对减灾需求影响显著;而农户家庭年均纯收入、林业生产人数、对减灾措施了解程度、林地规模、林地质量、林地位置、树种及3年内受灾次数对减灾需求影响不显著。因此,政府通过提高农户对减灾措施的认知水平,并根据农户需求制定有针对性的减灾措施,建立健全林业防灾救灾体系是实现对林业防灾减灾措施有效供给的重要途径。     

努力学习把握重点认真贯彻全国畜牧总站站长

农业部饲料法规宣贯暨行业统计培训班今天开班了,首先,我代表全国畜牧总站、中国饲料工业协会对会议的成功召开表示热烈的祝贺!刚才,王宗礼副司长代表农业部畜牧业司(全国饲料工作办公室)全面介绍了当前饲料行业发展形势,明确了本次培训班的主要任务,并就贯彻实施<饲料生产企业审查办法>和做好饲料行业信息统计工作做了重要讲话.希望大家认真学习并在实际工作中认真贯彻落实.下面,我讲三点意见,供参考.     

穴盘苗吹叶补苗机构设计与试验

针对叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴机械补苗作业时存在损伤待补空穴周围穴盘苗叶片的问题,该研究提出一种使用射流气管吹开遮挡叶片进行机械补苗的吹叶补苗方法。作业时,射流气管内通高压气流,由待补空穴底端渗水孔向上移动,吹开遮挡叶片,到达穴盘苗叶片顶部后,补苗机械手夹持待补苗使基质块底部靠近射流气管顶端,并与射流气管同步下移完成补苗作业。吹叶机构射流气管内径5 mm,顶端封闭,靠近顶端的水平截面均布开设8个直径1.2 mm的射流孔。搭建由吹叶机构与挂接于Denso机械手臂的补苗机械手组成的试验装置,对72穴穴盘培育的红掌、白掌、芥蓝、菜心、白菜和生菜6种不同叶片遮挡程度的穴盘苗进行单穴吹叶补苗性能试验。结果表明,吹叶机构与补苗机械手协同作业的补苗成功率与穴盘苗初始叶片遮挡率（穴盘待补空穴被相邻穴盘苗叶片遮挡的面积与穴孔面积的比值）、遮挡叶片倾角和射流气管压力有关。在射流气管射流孔数为8,射流孔直径1.2 mm条件下,射流气管压力为0.28 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率59.4%的红掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达92%;射流气管压力为0.22 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率56.2%的白掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达94%;射流气管压力为0.22～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率35.4%的芥蓝穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%;射流气管压力为0.16～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率29.7%～35.8%的菜心、白菜和生菜穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%。研究结果可为叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴的机械补苗设备开发提供技术参考。     

Prion-induced amyloid heart disease with high blood infectivity in transgenic mice

We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease.     

Comparative genomic insights into the taxonomy of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from different hosts: Marine,freshwater and migratory fish

Edwardsiella tarda, a Gram‐negative member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, has been isolated from many animal species worldwide, especially fish species. Its broad host range indicates the diversity in taxonomy, which attracted the attention of many researchers. Here, we added genome of E. tarda strain isolated from freshwater fish to comparative genomics study for the first time. We sequenced and assembled the genome of E. tarda ASE201307 which was isolated from freshwater Asian swamp eel. ASE201307 genome contained a single circular chromosome of 3.68M with G+C 57.09% content. Comparative genomics including SNP calling, synteny block, Core/Pan genes analysis and phylogeny analysis was conducted among ASE201307 and other Edwardsiella strains isolated from different fish species. Results of SNP analysis and synteny block demonstrated the close relative of ASE201307, FL95.01 and DT which were all isolated from freshwater fish. In further analysis heat map of dispensable genes and phylogenetic tree, all E. tarda strains were divided into two groups. One was isolated from freshwater fish and the other was isolated from marine/migratory fish. Based on all studies above, we proposed the living environment of hosts as a new taxonomic character and divided E. tarda isolated from diseased fish into freshwater group and marine/migratory group.     

鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料的初步试验

本次试验得到的鳗鱼浮性颗粒,其较适配制条件为:(1)用膨化机制造鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料;(2)利用小麦或玉米淀粉在一定条件下的膨化特性作粘结剂;(3)淀粉含量为26.5～46%;(4)含水量为25.5～29%;(5)加工温度为126～140℃;(6)脂肪含量4.3%。     

“太湖1号”杂交青虾规模化繁育技术研究

利用53hm2标准化鱼池,采用雌雄亲虾同池的放养模式与集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式2种模式进行“太湖1号”杂交青虾的规模化繁殖试验。结果显示,本期共繁殖生产虾苗33533．86万尾,31878．33kg。雌雄亲虾同池培育的产苗量比集中投放抱卵青虾培育的产苗量要低36．49～69．26kg／hm2,或132．85万。143．607万尾／hm2,苗种规格大小差异大。雌雄亲虾同池培育的捕苗时间从7月18日到8月25日,共计38d,集中投放抱卵亲虾培育池的苗规格较一致,捕苗时间为期25d,捕捞时间缩短了13d。这表明,集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式可作为青虾规模化繁殖生产的优选方式。