2JC-450型旋转嫁接机的研究

传统的蔬菜嫁接采用人工嫁接,嫁接速度低,成活率不高,为了解决此问题,设计了2JC-450型自动嫁接机.该嫁接机以气力为动力,具有嫁接速度快和成功率高等特点,嫁接成功率达到90%以上,最高嫁接速度可达450株/h,更能满足现在的市场需求,适合于规模化嫁接生产.     

“仙果”哈密瓜晒瓜处理后贮藏及生理特性的研究

以沪产"仙果"哈密瓜为试材,进行采前晒瓜处理,研究在温度3,5,8℃和常温贮藏条件下,哈密瓜采后贮藏期间果实生理代谢的变化。结果表明,晒瓜处理后低温贮藏,能有效地降低哈密瓜果实的腐烂,抑制了总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度的下降,显著延长哈密瓜的贮藏时间。以糖、酸含量和果实硬度、腐烂率为评价指标,确定5℃为"仙果"的适宜贮藏温度。     

生物技术在柑橘砧木上的应用

本文概述了当前国内外柑橘砧木生物技术尤其是基因工程技术和体细胞杂交技术在柑橘砧木种质改良和品种选育的研究现状与进展,可为我国柑橘砧木资源的研究与开发利用提供参考。基因工程在柑橘育种中的应用起步较晚,但近年来发展迅速,通过运用农杆菌介导法、附体腋芽转化－离体扩繁鉴定法、DNA直接导入法等基因工程技术对培育新型抗性柑橘砧木品种取得了一定的成果;在体细胞杂种的运用方面,通过原生质体融合,获得了大量具优良性状的杂种体细胞,并建立了多个抗病杂交后代群。目前,柑橘砧木生物技术的研究方兴未艾,现代生物技术在柑橘砧木资源多样性研究与种质改良方面仍是今后的主攻方向。     

乡镇尺度森林景观格局特征与影响因素定量分析

为更客观、精细地刻画森林生态系统格局的完整性、稳定性和森林资源健康状况,为森林资源源头保护和合理经营管理提供科学依据和决策支持,以河北省易县森林资源清查数据、DEM数据和社会经济资料为基础,运用景观指数、结构方程模型和统计学方法,分析乡镇尺度森林景观类型、数量与分布,研究自然地理、社会经济和土地开发利用主导下森林景观格局特征差异及其影响机制。结果表明,西部山区乡镇森林景观资源优势明显,东部平原乡镇森林资源则较小,森林资源主要分布于海拔100～300 m浅山丘陵区和海拔500～800 m中山区。在景观和类型水平上,斑块密度(PD)、凝结度(COHESION)对地理环境支配和人类活动干扰的响应更大,低破碎化、高连通性、多样化森林景观与高海拔、高起伏度的地形条件关系密切,乡镇耕地和居民建设用地面积占比(PCLA、PRCLA)越大,林地景观破碎化越强和连通性程度越低。平均坡度(MS)、土层厚度(SD)和高差(ED)作为基础性的控制因素,直接影响耕地、居民建设用地占比等方面,间接作用于森林景观格局。在一定的地形土壤条件下,降低人口数量、耕地数量和居民建设用地占比,可降低森林景观格局破碎化,提升森林景观连通性。     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

基于冠层温度的温室葡萄CWSI模型试验研究

探讨并建立了适合于镇江丘陵地区温室葡萄水分状况监测的作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)模型.通过田间实验和观测,得到了适合温室葡萄的CWSI经验模型中的经验关系.初步的检验和分析表明,这一模型是合理的,可以用于温室内葡萄基于冠层温度信息的水分状况监测.     

触摸屏控制技术在全自动瓜科嫁接机上的应用

将触摸屏控制技术应用于全自动嫁接机中,显示直观,操作简单,减少了控制元件,增强了对嫁接机的调节控制功能,提高了系统的可靠性.系统集显示、操作、控制和报警等多种功能于一体,实现了实时监控操作、数据分析及故障监控,为更好地使用和维护全自动瓜科嫁接机提供了技术支持.     

S‐locus diversity and cross‐compatibility of wild Prunus avium for timber breeding

Prunus avium is primarily cultivated for its fruit, sweet cherries. However, it is also used to produce high‐quality timber. In a P. avium seed orchard, gametophytic self‐incompatibility is a restriction for free pollen flow and should be considered when establishing basic forest materials. In this study, S‐locus diversity and cross‐incompatibility of wild cherry individuals in clonal banks established for breeding for timber production were investigated. Wild cherry trees (140) with outstanding forest growth habit, collected in northern Spain, grafted and planted in two clonal banks, were genotyped at the S‐locus. The self‐incompatibility S‐locus genes, S‐RNase and SFB, were analysed by PCR. Twenty‐two S‐haplotypes, resulting in 72 different S‐genotypes, were identified. The genotypes were grouped into 33 incompatibility groups and 39 unique genotypes. This initial S‐locus analysis revealed large genetic diversity of wild cherry trees from the Spanish northern deciduous forest, and provides useful information for seed orchard design. Wild P. avium displays significantly more genetic diversity than what is detected in local cultivars, revealing a narrowing of genetic diversity during local domestication.     

河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土剪切流变特性及模型

利用剪切流变试验对以水泥为固化剂的河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的流变特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,经固化处理的河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土在荷载作用下具有类似于硬粘性土的流变特征。剪切流变可以分为3个阶段：在剪应力水平较低时,剪切流变曲线呈衰减稳定型;随着剪应力水平的提高,剪切流变曲线呈非稳定的等速型;当剪应力水平增大到一定程度时,剪切流变曲线呈加速型。河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的流变性随着混合轻质土强度的提高而降低。根据试验所呈现的剪切流变规律,可以发现河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的剪切流变符合七元件黏弹塑性剪切流变模型,模型能够比较好地描述河道淤泥混合轻质土在各种剪应力水平下的衰减、等速以及加速流变过程。     

钾肥减量分期施用对莴笋产量和品质的效应研究

通过大田试验研究了紫色菜园土壤钾肥减量分期施用对莴笋产量和品质的影响。结果表明：两个试验点钾肥减量10%~30%分期施用对莴笋产量有提高作用,各处理以K2（钾肥减量10%分期等量追施）效应最好,增产最大（4.2%和4.5%）、施肥利润最高（84923元/hm²和72075元/hm²）。两个试验点莴笋叶维生素C含量均呈下降趋势,K2处理较常规施肥(CK)处理均显著降低莴笋叶维生素C含量（8.0%和8.7%）;而莴笋茎维生素C含量变化规律不一致。钾肥减量分期施用降低两个试验点莴笋叶和茎硝酸盐含量,以K4处理（钾肥减量30%分期等量追施）降低作用最大;从莴笋叶和茎糖组分的均衡性看,以K3处理最好。钾肥减量分期施用对两个试验点莴笋叶必需氨基酸含量有显著增加作用,改善叶氨基酸品质性状,但降低莴笋茎必需氨基酸含量和品质性状;莴笋氨基酸品质性状以K4处理为最优,其次是K2处理。综合考虑莴笋产量和品质,紫色菜园土壤以K2处理（钾肥减量10%分期等量追施）最优。